当代美国战争小说中的跨国景观与政治

Transnational Landscape and Politics in Three American Iraqi Novels

在意象统治一切的景观社会里,人们往往会沉迷在景观的被制造性中,进而遗忘自己的本真社会存在。本·方丹、凯文·鲍尔斯及菲儿·克雷的当代战争小说就为读者展现了这样一个景观社会。他们的笔下既有可视的客观景象,也有由意象和幻觉主导的主体性景观,在"凝视"的主观选择中,这种主体性景观已包含着一种无法摆脱的视觉政治,成为一种消费符号、成为权力和意识形态的直接表征。本文以这三位作家的伊拉克战争小说为研究对象,即《比利·林恩的漫长中场行走》、《黄鸟》以及《重新部署》,分析这三部小说中作为权力文化实践的跨国景观中的创伤英雄、战争景观中的跨国创伤,以及被消费的战争景观及战争英雄。

Ben Fountain＇s Billy Lynn＇s Long Halflime Walk, Kevin Powers＇ The Yellow Birds and Phil Klay＇s Redeployment unfold us a world in which both the visual objective landscape and the subjective spectacle are presented. Focusing on the transnational nature of American Iraqi war, this paper intends to show the power relations and ideology inherent in the transnational landscape in these three war novels. It argues that by way of narrating American trauma, Iraqi people＇s trauma is also revealed. By challenging the one-sided assumptions of war, i. e., war as the creation of hero mysticism, and as the passive, traumatized shell of American soldier, these novels highlight the uneven power relations among nations, expose the nature of war landscape as a consumption and emphasize the role of wider political and economic processes, like solipsism, ethnocentrism, and American ignorance of the outside world.