6～8岁骨龄不同体型女性儿童体脂率测量方法比较

Comparison between different measurements of the body fat rate for 6-8 years' bone aged girls

目的比较6~8岁骨龄段女性儿童不同的体脂率测量方法的效果,尝试建立适合我国该骨龄段女性儿童的皮褶厚度推算体脂率公式。方法抽样选取59名6~8岁骨龄段女性儿童,依据身体质量指数(BMI)分组标准分为偏瘦组、正常组和超重组3个组别,分别采用双能量X线吸收法(DEXA)、皮褶厚度法、生物电阻抗法(BIA)测试每位受试者的体脂率,以DEXA测量结果为校标,比较上述方法在推测和测量全身体脂率的差异水平。并以皮褶厚度法建立体脂率推测公式。结果对6~8岁骨龄段女性儿童正常组和超重组,BIA法与DEXA测量结果之间相关显著;日本长岭公式显著高估6~8岁骨龄段偏瘦组和正常组女性儿童的体脂率,姚兴家公式显著低估了超重组女性儿童的体脂率,而元田恒公式显著高估了3种体型女性儿童的体脂率;本研究得出皮褶厚度法推算体脂率公式为:全身体脂率=3.919+0.715×髂嵴上部皮褶+0.592×肱三头肌部皮褶。结论相对于以日本长岭公式、元田恒公式、姚兴家公式进行的皮褶厚度推算法,生物电阻抗手段更能有效测量6~8岁骨龄段女性儿童正常和超重群体体脂率;髂嵴上部和肱三头肌部皮褶厚度能联合评价6~8岁骨龄段女性儿童全身体脂率。

Objective To compare the different measurement methods of the body fat rate for 6-8 years’ bone aged girls,and establish a formula based on the skinfold measurement.Methods Fifty-nine 6-8 years bone aged girls in primary schools were recruited and divided into three groups which were the underweight,normal and overweight groups.Fat rates were tested respectively by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry（DEXA）,bioelectrical impedance method（BIA）,and skinfold method.All the data were statitically analysised with SPSS 13.0.Results There was a significant correlation between the BIA and the DEXA measurements in normal and especially in obese girls.Changling formula significantly overestimated the body fat rate in underweight and normal group.Yao Xing-jia formula significantly underestimated the body fat rate in overweight group.Yuan Tian-heng formula significantly overestimated the body fat rate in all three groups.We established a body fat rate formula based on skinfold measurement：body fat percentage = 3.919 ＋ 0.715 skinfold in waist circumference ＋ 0.592 skinfold in triceps.Conclusion For normal and overweight bone-aged 6-8 years’ girls,BIA is an effctive way to measure their body fat rate.Changling,Yuan Tian-heng,and Yao Jia-xings’ fomulas showed some deficency in overestamating or underestimateing their body fat rate.Skinfold of waist circumference together with skinfold of triceps may effectively evaluate their body fat rate.