烟台市老年人膳食模式及其影响因素

Analysis on dietary patterns and influencing factors among the elderly in Yantai City

目的分析烟台市老年人膳食模式及其影响因素。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,对烟台市芝罘区、牟平区、海阳市、招远市、龙口市和长岛县6个区市抽取的2626名≥60岁的老年人进行一般调查、膳食调查和体格检查,通过因子分析提取出膳食模式,应用无序多分类Logistic回归分析膳食模式的影响因素。结果因子分析得出3种膳食模式,健康膳食模式(31.83%)、传统膳食模式(45.63%)和西方化膳食模式(22.54%)。不吸烟的文化程度较低的老年男性多采用传统膳食模式,文化程度高的老年女性倾向于健康膳食模式,有慢性病家族史的人群宜采用西方化膳食模式,分布差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。家庭收入高水平(OR=1.53,95%CI 1.32~2.61)、有糖尿病家族史(OR=1.43,95%CI 1.21~1.98)和有冠心病家族史(OR=1.17,95%CI 1.08~1.84)的采用西方化膳食模式的人群高于健康膳食模式人群,采用传统膳食模式的老年男性(OR=2.87,95%CI 2.27~3.38)高于采用健康膳食模式的老年女性。结论烟台市老年人中存在3种膳食模式,性别、文化程度、家庭收入和慢性病家族史是膳食模式的主要影响因素。

Objective To analyze the dietary patterns and influencing factors among the elderly in Yantai City. Methods A total of 2626 old people（ ≥60 years old） were recruited from 6 districts in Yantai City, including Zhifu District, Muping District,Haiyang District,Zhaoyuan District,Longkou District and Changdao County by stratified cluster of random sampling and surveyed using general questionnaires and dietary questionnaires,while physical examinations were conducted. Factors analysis was used to identify the dietary patterns. Influencing factors of dietary patterns were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Three evident dietary patterns were derived by factors analysis including healthy（ 31. 83%）, traditional（ 45. 63%） and western（ 22. 54%） dietary patterns. Non-smoking older men with low-literacy were more likely to follow traditional dietary pattern. The highly educated elderly women were likelyto follow healthy dietary pattern. The elder with a family history of chronic diseases were likely to follow western dietary pattern（ P 0. 001）. People who were in family with higher incomes（ OR = 1. 53,95% CI 1. 32- 2. 61） or had family history of diabetes mellitus（ OR = 1. 43,95% CI 1. 21- 1. 98） or family history of coronary heart diseases（ OR = 1. 17,95% CI 1. 08- 1. 84） used western dietary pattern more than healthy dietary pattern. In addition,the elderly male（ OR = 2. 87,95% CI 2. 27- 3. 38） using traditional dietary pattern were more than the elderly female using healthy dietary pattern. Conclusion There are three dietary patterns among the elderly in Yantai City. The main influencing factors include gender,level of education,economic level and a family history of chronic diseases.