2013—2015年陕西居民日常膳食总砷暴露量评估及健康风险评价

Human health risks derived from dietary exposure to arsenic in Shaanxi Province in 2013-2015

目的了解陕西省居民日常总砷摄入量及评价其对人体潜在危害。方法对2013—2015年陕西省9大类4287份食品中的总砷含量进行分析,将居民经日常膳食所致总砷的暴露量与食品添加剂专家委员会(JECFA)制定的无机砷暂定每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI)进行比较,应用美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型对其引起的健康风险进行评价。结果陕西地区谷物和蔬菜中总砷平均含量分别为0.0265和0.0271 mg/kg,两者对居民日常总膳食中总砷暴露量的贡献率约为80%;陕西居民日常膳食所致总砷平均暴露量和偏高暴露量分别为0.423和1.10μg/(kg·d),均低于JECFA制定的无机砷暂定可耐受摄入量2.14μg/(kg·d),但其所引起的平均个人年风险值分别为9.03×10^(-5)/年和2.34×10^(-4)/年,高于国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的标准5.0×10^(-5)/年。结论陕西地区居民总砷的暴露量在安全范围内,但其引起的健康风险值却高于标准值。

Objective To understand the daily intake of arsenic via daily dietary of Shaanxi inhabitants,and to assess the possible adverse health impact. Methods The arsenic contents of 4287 samples were analyzed statistically. The safety of arsenic intake was evaluated by using the dietary arsenic PTWI recommended by JECFA. The health risk was assessed with USEPA health risk assessment model. Results The arsenic contents of grains and vegetables were 0. 0265 mg / kg and 0. 0271 mg / kg,respectively. Grains and vegetables were major part of the daily diet of residents,80% of dietary arsenic intake was from which. The average and the higher dietary intake of arsenic were 0. 423 and 1. 10μg /（ kg·d）,respectively,which was lower than the standard of PTWI recommended by JECFA. But the values of the individual health risk were 9. 03 × 10（-5） and 2. 34 × 10（-4）a（-1）,the both of which were higher than the standard of ICRP. That showed a potential health risk from As via dietary exposure for the residents. Conclusion Although the average dietary intake of arsenic is in a safe range,the health risk caused by the risk cannot be ignored.