肾素血管紧张素系统新成员功能与疾病的研究进展

Research progress on the function of new members of renin-angiotensin system and diseases

肾素血管紧张素系统(RAS)在机体可以产生一系列的级联效应,共同调控着血压和体液平衡。其主要成员血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)可在不同的组织中发挥作用,但在肾脏的功能是最主要的,新成员AngⅡ衍生肽在某些酶的催化下不仅与AT1、AT2受体结合,也能与新的受体如MAS和AT4等结合,使经典RAS的走向发生改变。对于RAS的老成员如肾素、肾素原、血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)等,以前认为它们只具有酶的活性,其实它还能作为由外而内的信号传导分子激活细胞内信号通路。而且,RAS在不同的组织中不仅具有内分泌功能,它还进行自分泌、旁分泌和细胞内分泌并调控局部AngⅡ的合成,在肾内主要以这些方式调节血压和肾脏的功能。近年发现,ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas轴等有很多的保护效应,这将为相关疾病的治疗和新药的开发提供新的前景。

The renin-angiotensin system（RAS） can produce a series of cascade effects in the body that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance. It＇s main member angiotensin Ⅱ（AngⅡ） can play a role in different tissues, but the function in the kidney is the most important. AngⅡ-derived peptides, a new member of RAS, can bind not only AT1,AT2 receptor, but also the new receptors such as MAS and AT4 under the catalysis of some enzymes, thus changing the routes of RAS. The older members of RAS such as renin, prorenin, angiotensin converting enzyme（ACE）, previously considered only having enzyme activity, are able to activate intracellular signaling pathways, acting as an outside-in signal transduction molecule. Moreover, the RAS not only possesses an endocrine function, but also has the ability of autocrine, paracrine and intracrine in different organizations. Mainly in these ways, it regulate local AngⅡ synthesis in the kidneys and further regulate blood pressure and renal function. Recently study suggests that ACE2/Ang-（1-7）/Mas axis has a lot of protective effects, which will provide a new prospect for the treatment of related diseases and the development of new drugs.