针对性健康教育在老年直肠癌术后患者中的应用

Application of targeted health education in elderly patients with rectal cancer after operation

目的评价针对性健康教育在老年直肠癌术后患者中的应用效果。方法我院全科医学部2013年9月至2015年9月共收治86例直肠癌患者,采用随机数表法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各43例,均采用Miles术造口治疗。对照组给予常规健康宣教及随访,观察组给予针对性健康教育,干预时间为6个月。采用心理健康评定量表(SCL-90)评价患者干预后心理健康改善情况;采用健康调查简表(SF-36)评价干预后生活质量改善情况。结果两组患者干预后强迫症状[(1.22±0.21)分vs(1.95±0.32)分]、焦虑[(1.24±0.16)分vs(1.72±0.28)分]、抑郁[(1.11±0.15)分vs(1.54±0.22)分]、躯体化[(1.21±0.26)分vs(1.95±0.42)分]、恐惧[(1.31±0.18)分vs(1.72±0.35)分]、敌对[(1.62±0.25)分vs(1.85±0.36)分]、偏执[(1.52±0.19)分vs(1.99±0.35)分]、人际关系敏感评分[(1.41±0.35)分vs(1.82±0.28)分]比较,观察组均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者干预后生理功能[(73.69±3.28)分vs(63.62±4.32)分]、生理职能[(73.15±4.15)分vs(61.24±4.25)分]、躯体疼痛[(76.82±4.42)分vs(62.35±4.26)分]、精力[(77.68±4.82)分vs(61.55±4.45)分]、社会功能[(76.85±4.45)分vs(62.42±4.35)分]、情感职能[(79.52±4.25)分vs(61.62±4.36)分]、精神健康[(78.65±4.18)分vs(62.06±4.32)分]、一般健康状况评分[(74.52±4.34)分vs(61.65±4.28)分]均明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论老年直肠癌患者术后给予针对性健康教育有利于患者保持良好心态,提高生活质量,值得临床推广应用。

Objective To evaluate the application effect of targeted health education on elderly patients with rectal cancer after operation. Methods A total of 86 patients with rectal cancer in Department of General Medicine in our hospital from September 2013 to September 2015 were selected. All patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group based on the random number table method, with 43 patients in each group. All patients were treated with miles colostomy. Control group was given routine health education and follow-up, and the observation group was given targeted health education, for 6 months. The mental health status of patients after intervention was evaluated by using Symptom Checklist 90（SCL-90）. Health survey（SF-36） was used to evaluate the quality of life of the patients. Results After intervention, the observation group had significantly lower scores of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, anxiety, depression, somatization, fear, hostility, paranoid, interpersonal relationship sensitivity,（1.22 ± 0.21）vs（1.95±0.32）,（1.24±0.15） vs（1.72±0.28）,（1.11±0.16） vs（1.54±0.22）,（1.21±0.26） vs（1.95±0.42）,（1.31±0.18） vs（1.72±0.35）,（1.62±0.25） vs（1.85±0.36）,（1.52±0.19） vs（1.99±0.35）,（1.41±0.35） vs（1.82±0.28）, P〈0.05. The scores of physiological function, role physical, body pain, energy, social function, role-emotional, mental health, general health status in observation group after intervention were significantly better than those in control group, which were（73.69 ± 3.28） vs（63.62±4.32）,（73.15±4.15） vs（61.24± 4.25）,（76.82±4.42） vs（62.35±4.26）,（77.68±4.82） vs（61.55±4.45）,（76.85±4.45）vs（62.42±4.35）,（79.52±4.25） vs（61.62±4.36）,（78.65±4.18） vs（62.06±4.32）,（74.52±4.34） vs（61.65±4.28） respectively,P〈0.05. Conclusion Targeted health education is beneficial to maintain a good state of mind for patients with rectal cancer after surgery, and can improve the quality of life. It is worthy of clinical popularization and application.