冲突背景下的非正式制度与政策落实——以宗族网络对计划生育影响为例

How Informal System Affects Policy Implementation in the Context of the Conflict: Lineage Networks versus Birth Control Policy in Rural China

国家中心主义视角的政策研究,忽视了政策落实所嵌入的具体社会情境中传统文化观念、社会结构的影响。本文回到社会立场,研究农村社会中宗族网络对计划生育政策落实的影响,以此探讨冲突背景下关于非正式制度能"扭曲正式规则铁杠"的假说,即当非正式制度与正式制度发生冲突时,非正式制度成为正式制度落实的阻力,软化正式制度落实的效果。基于中国家庭动态调查2010年社区数据,研究发现,在农村地区宗族网络依然对计划生育政策落实有着显著影响。宗族网络越强,对计划生育执行力度的软化作用越强,这种影响,随着宗族网络结构的复杂性与整合难度加大而减弱,随着村中最大宗族的人口优势上升而加强。这也意味着,在现代国家治理转型过程中,各项社会政策的制定、落实过程,必须充分考虑政策落实的社会环境,特别是传统社会结构的影响。

Policy researches driven by state-centrism, emphasis the importance of the role of govern- ment, ignoring the fact that the implementation of the policy is embedded in the specific social context of social structure, traditional eulture concept. In this paper, we baek to the social position, focusing on the impaet of lineage networks on Birth Control Policy in rural China, to analysis how informal system affects policy implementation when informal norms are in conflict with formal rules, and tests the hypothesis of ＂Bending the Iron Bars＂. Based on the Community data of Chinese Family Panel Studies in 2010, we find that, lineage networks still have a significant impact on Birth Control Policy in rural China. Data analyses show that, villages with strong kinship networks tend to have lower financial penalty of Birth Control Poli- cy. And the more complex the structure, the lower the capacity of lineage networks to bend the iron bars of formal institutions. Again, the higher the proportion of the biggest clan in the village population, the lower the financial penalty. It implies that, in the process of policy formulation or implementation, social environment, especially the traditional social structure, which implementation of the policy is embedded in should be fully considered.