论国际金融公司环境与社会可持续性政策绩效标准及对我国的借鉴

The IFC Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability and Its Enlightments to China

为解决与融资有关的环境与社会问题,实现通过鼓励会员国特别是发展中会员国私营企业的增长来促进全球经济的可持续性发展之宗旨,国际金融公司(IFC)制定了环境与社会可持续性绩效标准。该标准不仅通过IFC固有的三种业务运营方式不断地向会员国和客户渗透,还以赤道原则的形式相继为各大银行所接受和遵守,已然成为项目融投资领域的一种国际惯例,在特定情形下具备了法律约束力。为提升利用外资的综合质量,我国应将其列为今后加强外资社会性规制的首要参考依据。并且,随着当前"一带一路"战略的推进,我国企业海外投资遭受的风险类型渐由传统的国有化、征收和内乱等政治风险向各种新型的环境与社会风险转变。我国更应认真借鉴绩效标准在防范和化解环境与社会风险方面的理念与经验,从国内法和国际法两个层面对之加以吸纳,以减缓中资企业在东道国因当地环境和社会问题带来的投资障碍,确保海外投资又快又好地发展。

The IFC enacted the Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability in 2006 and amended it in 2012,in order to handle the environmental and social issues that related to financing,as well as encourage the sustainable economic development in its clients＇ private sectors,especially those in developing countries. Not only do the Performance Standards incorporate with the practices of its member countries and clients in 3 operation modes,it is also accepted by international banks as the Equator Principles. Now the Performance Standards has become international custom in the international finance,and they are legally binding in specific conditions. To enhance the usage qualities of foreign capital China should make it the reference to strengthen the social regulation of foreign investment. Nowadays,China is boosting the ＇one belt and on road＇ strategy,the traditional political risks,such as expropriation,exchange and civil strife,has changed to the new social and environmental risks. Therefore,China should summarize the regulation experience which the Performance Standards resolve the social and environmental risks,imitating and absorbing it in national and international law,for the purpose of resolving the investment barrier of Chinese enterprises in the host country,and ensure the development of foreign investments.