宅基地使用权转让的司法裁判立场研究

The Judicial Referee Position of Right to House sites Transfer

目前宅基地使用权转让争点主要集中于自由转让和限制转让,由于对司法案例的类型化研究较少,两大争点中体系化解释法律文本的论据支撑力度不够。历史分析宅基地使用权转让限制过程,发现宅基地的使用权自产生时具有依附性特征,依附于房地一体转让和国家政策目标,1986年制定的土地管理法没有明确继承历史上增加的限制内容。类型化研究宅基地使用权转让案例,因司法裁判依据不同理解产生的差异化裁判理由表述,司法裁判立场的冲突比较普遍。通过司法裁判立场统一的解释论路径研究,发现现行土地法律规范无法构建禁止宅基地使用权转让的解释框架,宅基地使用权转让在土地管理法上存在伪命题性,物权法转让条款因此而陷入空洞化。立法应以界分宅基地使用权申请取得和继受取得为起点,申请主体仍受身份限制,破除转让主体的身份限制,更注重转让行为的法律规制,建构转让条件、集体经营管理权、政府规制权、成员优先购买权、房地一体转让、有偿使用、使用期限等法律制度。

At present,the transfer of the right to house sites is mainly concentrated in the free transfer and limit transfer. Due to less typed study on judicial case,two points,arguments is not enough in systematic explanation of legal text.Historical analysis transfer limit process of right to house sites,we find the use right of house sites has dependence features since its birth,attached to real estate integrated transfer and national policy objectives,the land management law enacted in1986 did not explicitly inherit the increasing restrictions. Typed study on judicial case,we find the conflict of judgment basis and reason is universal. Through study on explanation path of the unity of judicial position,we find the current land law can not construct explanation framework to prohibit the transfer of the right to house sites,right to house sites transfer existed false proposition in land management law,the transfer provisions of the property law trapped in hollowing out. Legislation should distinguish application acquisition and derivative acquisition,insisting on the identity of the applicant,breaking the identity restriction of transfer,emphasizing on the legal regulation of transfer behavior. We construct the legal system,such as transfer conditions,collective management rights,government regulation power,first refusal right,integration of land and house,paid use system and land use period.