中国分配问题的法治思考:制度与逻辑之维

Thinking on China's Distribution Problem in Perspective of Rule of Law:Institution and Logic

在分配矛盾日益尖锐的今天,有必要认真理解中国的分配问题。中国的分配问题有其制度性成因。由于权力无法在纵向间与横向间合理配置,造成了中央与地方关系的紧张和行政权的偏大,在这两个现象的相互作用之下,中央与地方的财政分配格局失衡,政府与民众的利益分配矛盾丛生,民众之间的收入分配差距扩大。要有效地解决分配问题,就要解决央地关系紧张与行政权偏大。认真对待公民权利、满足民众合理诉求,通过强化外部监督力量制约公权力内部的扩张,从央地关系紧张状态过渡到央地民关系平衡状态,为权力纵向间的合理配置创造条件。通过立法权的复位与司法权的强化,落实财税法治,对行政权进行有效的监督与制约,实现立法权、行政权与司法权的各司其职,达至权力横向间关系的平衡与配置的合理。

Nowadays,the conflicts of distribution in China are acute increasingly.It is necessary to understand this problem seriously.China＇s distribution problem has its institutional causes.The power cannot be reasonable allocated vertically and horizontally which originates the tension between the central government and local governments.Besides,executive power is strong.In the interaction of these two phenomena,the fiscal distribution among central government and local governments is imbalanced.The distribution of the interests between government and citizen is unreasonable and the income gap among citizens expands.To effectively solve the distribution problem,it is necessary to resolve the tension among the central government and the local governments.Besides,the executive power should not share too much power.Taking citizens＇ rights seriously can effectively release the tension between the central government and local governments,which creates the conditions for the rational allocation of power.The restoration of legislative power and the strengthening of judicial power,combined with the implementation of fiscal and taxation system under the rule of law,can effectively supervise the executive power,which makes powers horizontally reasonably allocated.