密度和施氮量对垄膜沟播春玉米干物质积累和产量的影响

Effects of Planting Density and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate on Accumulated Quantity of Dry Matter and Yield of Spring Maize in Ridge Film Mulching and Furrow Seeding

2012、2014年,以玉米杂交种沈禾201为试验材料,探讨垄膜沟播条件下种植密度和施氮量对植株干物质积累和产量的影响。两年试验结果表明,在抽雄期和灌浆期,玉米个体干物质积累量随密度的增加而减小,随施氮量的增加而增加;群体干物质积累量随密度和施氮量的增加而增加。种植密度和施氮量对玉米群体产量的综合影响呈开口向下的凸面体,2012年施氮量对群体产量的影响大于密度处理,2014年施氮量对群体产量的影响小于密度处理。通过对产量方程模型寻优,得到超过平均产量的管理方案,2012、2014年种植密度分别为69 727~84 818株/hm^2、39 880~51 778株/hm^2;施氮量分别为342~478 kg/hm^2、223~413 kg/hm^2。在试验区特定的生态环境条件下,适宜的种植密度和中高施氮量可显著增加垄膜沟播春玉米产量。

Maize hybrid Shenhe201 was used as the material, the effects of planting density and nitrogen rate on the accumulated quantity of dry matter and yield of spring maize in ridge film mulching and furrow seeding were carried out in 2012 and 2014. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of individual maize decreased with increasing of planting density and increased with increasing of N rate at tasselling stage and filling stage, and that the dry matter accumulation of population increased with increasing of planting density and N rate in two years. The combined effect of planting density and N rate on yield of maize population showed convex pointing downwards in two years. The effect of N rate on yield of maize population was greater than density in 2012 and less than the den- sity in 2014. Through optimization of the grain yield models, management solutions more than an average yield was that planting density was 69 727-84 818 plants/ha and 39 880-51 778 plants/ha, N rate was 342-478 kg/ha and 223-413 kg/ha in 2012 and 2014. Under the conditions of certain ecological environment in the tested area, the suitable planting density and middle-to-high N rate in ridge film mulching and furrow seeding were benefited to optimize relationships of individual and group and could significantly increase yield of spring maize.