春玉米品种与栽培模式对黄土旱塬土壤水分的影响

Effect of Spring Maize Varieties and Cultivation Pattern of Soil Moisture in Loess Plateau Dryland

以平展型传统品种酒单4号和紧凑型高产品种先玉335为试验材料,设半膜平覆(HM)、全膜双垄沟(DFM)两种覆膜方式和4.5万、9.0万株/hm^2两种种植密度,研究黄土旱塬区不同栽培模式下不同类型春玉米对土壤水分变化及对春玉米产量的影响。结果表明,品种和不同栽培模式互作效应对春玉米产量有显著影响。春玉米生育关键期降水对各处理收获土壤水分影响明显,降水不能满足春玉米生长发育需要时,春玉米会对60 cm土层以下水分产生透支性消耗,遇到连续干旱年份,则会导致春玉米60~160 cm主要根区土壤含水量降低。在相同覆膜及品种条件下,随种植密度增加,玉米产量显著增加;相同密度及品种条件下,DFM覆膜产量优于HM覆膜;相同密度及覆膜方式下,紧凑型高产品种产量较平展型传统品种显著增加。DFM覆膜和紧凑型高产品种在9.0万株/hm^2种植密度下有较高产量。

Traditional flat type varieties Jiudan 4（JD4） and compact high yield Xianyu 335（XY335） were used as the experimental material, the first set and half film mulching（HM） and whole field plastic mulching（DFM）, form a complete set of 45 000 plants/ha and 90 000 plants/ha two planting densities, the loess Hanyuan area of different types of spring maize under different cultivation mode on the soil moisture change and influence on spring maize yield. The results showed that the varieties and different cultivation mode interaction effect had a significant effect on spring maize yield, harvest of spring maize growth stage precipitation of various treatments in soil water effect obviously, precipitation can＇t meet the needs of the growth and development of spring maize, spring maize can under 60 cm soil moisture had overdraft consumption, continuous dry years, 60-160 cm mainly led to spring maize root zone soil moisture content; Under the condition of test coverage and same variety, with the increase of planting density, maize yield increased significantly; Under the condition of the same density and variety, DFM cover production was better than that of HM coverage; The same density and coverage model under the condition of compact high yield varieties yield relatively flat type traditional varieties increased significantly; DFM coverage and compact high yield varieties under 90 000 plants/ha planting density had higher yield.