赫胥黎研究的编史学进展:以“达尔文的斗犬”形象为中心的考察

The Historiographical Development of Huxleyan Studies: A Case Study of the Image of "Darwin's Bulldog"

本文考察赫胥黎作为"达尔文的斗犬"的形象在中国的传播过程。它在中国的学界和公众中广泛流传,一直没有受到质疑。然而,该形象简化了赫胥黎与达尔文进化论之间的复杂关系,在某种程度上它甚至成为一个历史神话。19世纪末,"达尔文的斗犬"的形象在英国科学史中被建构起来。直到20世纪70年代,随着英国科学史研究的深入,它才逐步被解构。通过介绍德斯蒙德的历史解释模型和新近的科学文化史研究,可以对赫胥黎为何支持和宣传达尔文进化论有更深刻的认识。

This paper discusses the communication of the image of ＂ Darwin＇s bulldog＂ in China. It is still vividly remembered by Chinese scholars and normal people, and has never been questioned. But this image symbolizes dramatically the complex relation between Huxley and Darwin~ theory. It is somewhat inaccurate, and has even become a historical myth. In the end of 19th century, ＂Darwinfi bulldog＂ made a powerful image, and played an important part in history of science since then. With the development of history of science, the traditional symbol of ＂ Darwin＇s bulldog＂ was not subverted until 1970s. By introducing Adrian Desmond＇s historical model and some recent studies in culture history of science, 1 attempt to enhance the understanding on why Huxley became a defender and popularizer of Darwinian theory.