重塑社会活力:性别图景中的乡村教师和学校

Reshape the Social Vitality:Rural Teachers and Schools in the Gender Prospective

传统乡村教师一直是教育优先的男性本职;共和国集体经济时代,低成本公共教育吸引大量女性进入乡村教育事业,女教师随国家需要和户籍政策进退于土地和学校之间;改革开放以来,环境变迁使乡村教育基本功能由"培养—输送"教育转换为"留守—陪伴"教育,弱势大学生成为教师中最弱势的基层乡村教师,与乡村边缘学校和弱势学生结缘共生,乡村教师女性化也正与之同构。乡村教师在城市和乡村的夹缝中,在兼顾自我和家庭、陪伴和培养、个体和群体、传统乡绅使命和专业规训的矛盾中完成对自我、乡村教育及乡村社会的更新;促进乡村教师发展需培养有改变勇气和能力的新型乡村教师,突破狭隘的专业视野,加强学校与乡村的联结,提升关怀和建设乡村社会的活力。

Initially, teaching has always been a priority of male with good education. In the republic of collective economy, development of collective education at low cost draw women into rural education, female teachers advanced and retreated between land and school according to needs of country and household registration policy. Since China＇s reform and opening up policy, rural education changed from ＂culture-transmission of＂ into ＂left-behind-accompany＂, college students with disadvantaged background become the most vul- nerable rural teachers at the local level, together with vulnerable rural schools and students. Rural teachers began to be regarded as fem- inine profession. New generation of rural teachers live in the cracks of city and country. In the conflict of self and family, accompany and culture, individual and group, traditional gentry＇s mission and the professional discipline, they change themselves, rural education and rural society. To improve rural teachers, we should cultivate teachers with courage and ability to change, break narrow professional vision, strengthen the connect between school and countryside, pay more attention to the construction of rural social vitality.