不同遗传基础鹅蛋重、蛋形指数对孵化效果的影响

The effects of egg weight and egg shape index on the hatchability effect of geese with different genetic bases

为了研究不同遗传基础鹅蛋重、蛋形指数对孵化效果的影响,试验分为6组,Ⅰ组为F1♂×F1♀(横交固定),Ⅱ组为F1♂×籽♀(回交),Ⅲ组为卡♂×F1♀(级进杂交),Ⅳ组为籽♂×籽♀(纯繁),Ⅴ组为卡♂×卡♀(纯繁),Ⅵ组为F1♂×卡♀(回交),在相同饲养条件下,以6组不同遗传基础健康种鹅为研究对象,将产蛋期分为产蛋前期、产蛋中期、产蛋末期,分别对种蛋的蛋重、蛋形指数进行测定,分析两者与受精率、受精蛋孵化率之间的关系。结果表明:Ⅳ组种蛋孵化效果最好,蛋重为134.20~141.23 g,蛋形指数为1.47~1.50,整个产蛋期受精率最高,分别为90.00%、88.05%、95.87%,受精蛋孵化率也最高,分别为90.00%、95.33%、83.36%。Ⅲ组蛋重为126.56~130.56 g,蛋形指数为1.46~1.52,产蛋中期受精率、受精蛋孵化率较高,分别为81.54%、83.58%,种蛋孵化效果仅低于Ⅳ组。除Ⅳ组整个产蛋期、Ⅲ组产蛋中期、Ⅴ组产蛋中期及末期受精率在80.00%以上外,其他组合试验鹅在不同产蛋时期种蛋受精率均在80.00%以下。

To study the effects of egg weight and egg shape index on the hatching effect of geese with different genetic bases, the experimental geese were divided into six groups, including group I using transverse fixation with male and female F1 hybrids of Carlos geese and Zi geese in Jilin, group II using back cross with F1 male hybrids and Zi geese, group Ⅲ using grading crossing with male Carlos geese and F1 female hy- brids, group IV using pure breeding with male and female Zi geese, group V using pure breeding with male and female Carlos geese, and group VI using back cross with F1 male hybrids and female Carlos geese. Six groups of healthy geese with different genetic bases were selected as re- search objects under the same feeding situation. The egg - laying period was divided into three periods, including early laying period, laying pe- riod and late laying period. The egg weight and egg shape index of breeding eggs were measured, and the relationships between the two indica- tors and fertility rate and hatchability rate of fertile eggs were analyzed, respectively. The results showed that the hatching effect of breeding eggs in the group 1V was best when the egg weight was between 134.20 and 141.23 g, and the egg size shape index was between 1.47 and 1.50. The fertility rate of breeding eggs in the group IV was highest in the whole laying period, which was 90.00%, 88.05 %, and 95.87% in the three laying periods, respectively; and the hatchability rate of fertilized eggs in the group 1V was also highest in the whole laying period, which was 90.00%, 95.33%, and 83.36% in the three laying periods, respectively. The eggs weight of breeding eggs in the group III was between 126.56 and 130.56 g, and the egg size shape index of group Ⅲ was between 1.46 and 1.52. The fertility rate and hatchability rate of fertilized eggs in the group Ⅲ were higher in the laying period, which were 81.54% and 83.58%, respectively ; the hatchability effect of breeding eggs in the group Ⅲ was lower than that in the group IV. The fertility rates of breeding eggs and hatching rates of fertilized eggs of the test geese in the other combinations were less than 80.00% in different laying periods except the fertility rates of breeding eggs in the group IV in the whole laving neriod and group III in the lavin- neriod and in the groun V in the laving neriod and late laving neriod were above 813. 00%.