樟树叶提取物对木材霉菌的防治效果及防霉机理研究

Control efficiency and action mechanisms of camphor leaf extractives on mold resistance of wood

为探明樟树叶提取物对木材霉菌的防治效果及防霉机理,采用牛津杯法,探讨了不同质量分数的提取物对3种木材常见霉菌(桔青霉、绿木霉、黑曲霉)的抑菌性,之后通过光学显微镜和分光光度法对防霉机理进行分析,探讨了其在木材中的霉菌防治效果。结果表明:樟树叶提取物对桔青霉、绿木霉以及黑曲霉均有一定的抑制作用,且其通过破坏霉菌菌丝结构,扰乱霉菌生长周期,从而抑制3种霉菌生长。质量分数为12.50%的提取物对3种霉菌的抑菌效果最佳,对应的抑菌圈直径分别为:桔青霉14.2 mm,绿木霉14.9 mm,黑曲霉20.1 mm。提取物对3种霉菌的最低抑菌质量分数为:桔青霉0.50%~1.00%,绿木霉0.50%~1.00%,黑曲霉0.25%。对不同菌种,分别采用如下处理方式可使平均感染值达到最小,防治效力达到最大:桔青霉(涂刷处理)、绿木霉以及混合菌(浸渍处理)、黑曲霉(任意一种处理方式均可),其中浸渍处理方式适用霉菌最为广泛。

In order to investigate the control efficiency and the action mechanisms of camphor leaf extractives on mold resistance of wood,the cylinder-plate method was used to evaluate the antibacterial effect of different mass fraction of extractives on three common wood molds（ Penicillium citrinum,Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger）. The mold resistance mechanism was estimated using optical microscope and spectrophotometry,and mold resistance efficiency of the wood was evaluated. The results showed that camphor leaf extractives have growth-inhibition effect against Penicillium citrinum,Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger through disturbing mycelial structures and growth cycles of three kinds of molds. It was indicated the mass fraction of 12. 50% extractives had the best bacteriostatic effect of three kinds of molds,and the corresponding inhibition diameters were 14. 2 mm（ Penicillium citrinum）,14. 9 mm（ Trichoderma viride） and 20. 1 mm（ Aspergillus nige）. The minimum mass fractions for mold growth inhibition were 0. 50%- 1. 00% against Penicillium citrinum,0. 50%- 1. 00% agaist Trichoderma viride,and 0. 25% against Aspergillus niger. For different molds,it can make the minimum average infection and reached the maximum control effectiveness by adopting the following approach respectively：the brushing treatment was used against Penicillium citrinum,immersion treatment was used against Trichoderma viride and the mixed molds,and any kind of treatments were used against Aspergillus niger.The immersion treatment was found as the most popular method for mold treatment.