落地林果集果捡拾技术研究及进展

The Research and Development of The Falling Tree Fruits and Nuts Collect and Pick-up Technology

林果收获是果园生产全过程中重要的环节之一,对促进林果产业发展、增加效益起着重要作用。近年来,随着劳动力成本提高和林果种植面积增加,部分科研院所对林果收获机械进行了相关研究。由于部分林果(干坚果)成熟后落在地面,因此对落地林果进行集果捡拾作业。目前,国内外针对落地林果收获技术进行了大量的研究工作,介绍了不同种类落地林果集果捡拾机械的组成、工作原理及特点,对其结构参数、集果捡拾方式、工作效率、集果捡拾效率和机械损伤等关键技术参数进行了综合分析。最后,针对我国林果种植模式,结合国外成熟的集果捡拾技术,提出一种适合我国落地林果机械化收获的新技术、新方法,为我国落地林果集果捡拾机械的研究提供技术参考。

Mechanized harvesting is one of the most important taches in the full mechanization of fruit harvest, which plays an important role in promoting the development of forestry fruit industry and increasing economic efficiency. In re- cent years, with labor cost raising and the fruit cultivation area increasing, the fruit harvesting machinery technologies were intensively in part of academy, some mature fruit （ dry nuts） fell on the ground, so to collect and pick the land fruit. At present, a great deal of research work has been done on collecting land fruit technology at home and abroad. First/y, this paper briefly introduces the varieties of landing fruit set mechanical composition, working principle and fea- ture. Then , The structure parameters, setting fruit collecting way, working efficiency, set fruit collecting efficiency and key technical parameters of mechanical damage were analyzed. Fruit planting patterns in China, combined with foreign mature fruit collecting technology. Finally, we put forward a new technology and method that it is suitable for landing fruit harvest mechanization in our country. The study provides for technology suggestion about collecting landing fruit technology in China.