被异化的时间及其扬弃的可能——对马克思时间观内在逻辑的追问

Time Being Alienated and Possibility of Its Sublation——A Probe into the Internal Logic of Marx's Time Concept

从逻辑上来看,时间在马克思的思想中具有一种内在的递进属性。借助对伊壁鸠鲁时间观的解构,马克思把时间与人之间的关系结合起来理解,从而要求人们从实际生活的向度去理解时间,为时间的研究开拓出新领域。自此,时间成了实际生产劳动的表现,而不是外在于实际生活之外的纯粹概念。社会时间是马克思从人的实际生活出发,进一步解构人与时间关系的重大发现。如果说时间是生产劳动的表现,那么社会时间在马克思对资本主义的深度批判中就是"表现"的进一步展开。马克思的结论是:资本在盗窃劳动时间的同时生产了它的掘墓人——无产阶级。到此,社会时间的本质被彻底揭示出来,它是无产阶级实现自我解放的前提。当今中国,"大众创业,万众创新"的政策正是对时间自由运用的一次实际回应。可以看出,产业结构化转型必将引起新型劳动力对既有资本结构的一次全面重估。事实上,这一切都来源于马克思对时间问题的不懈追问。

From the logical point of view,time in Marx' s thought has an inherent progressive property.With the deconstruction of the Epicurean view of time,Marx had a combination understanding of the relationship between time and man,and required beyond the real life. 'Social time' is Marx's major discovery starting from the real life to further deconstructing the relationship between man and time.If time is the manifestation of productive labor,then 'social time' in Marx's deep criticism of capitalism is the 'performance' of further development.Marx concluded that capital produced its gravedigger,the proletariat while stealing labor time.At this point,the nature of social time is completely revealed.It is the prerequisite for the proletariat to achieve self-liberation.Today, 'the massive entrepreneurship and innovation by all' policy in China is a practical response to the free application of time,It is seen that the structural transformation of the industry will inevitably lead to a comprehensive revaluation of the existing capital structure by the new labor force.In fact,all these comes from Marx's relentless questioning of the question of time.