农村留守儿童心理问题与辅导研究——以贵州省金沙县为例

Research on Mental Health Problems and Group Counseling of the Children Left-behind in Rural Areas——A Case Study in Jinsha County, Guizhou

留守儿童问题是各级政府和社会各界高度关注的热点问题,具有普遍性、长期性、复杂性、严重性等特点。通过问卷调查、访谈等方法对金沙县六个乡镇的2971名农村中小学生的心理健康现状进行调查分析,并对实验组和控制组的前测后测比较发现,农村中小学生心理健康状况总体良好,而农村留守儿童在学习焦虑、恐怖倾向、冲动倾向、对人焦虑、孤独倾向、自责倾向、过敏倾向和身体症状等方面的问题较为突出。因此,一是要强化政府主导,优化资源配置;二是要发挥家庭的核心功能,树立正确的家庭教育观;三是要发挥学校教育功能,树立正确的心理健康教育观。

The mental health problems of the children left-behind in rural areas, which has become a serious social phenomenon and attracted the attention of government and the whole society, shows several fllowing features, such as universality, long term, complexity, severity and so on. Through the methodology of questionnaire and interview, this study investigated the mental health of 2971 rural primary and middle school students in 6 six township in Jinsha county, and analyzed the pretest and post-test results of the experimental and control groups. Our results showed that the mental health of rural primary and middle school students is normal, but the prevalence rate of rural left-behind children are higher than those of rural non-left-behind children on learning anxiety, terror tendency, anxiety to people, loneliness tendency, self-blaming tendency, super-sensitivity tendency and physical symptom. Therefore, we recommend that the government＇s leading role and the allocation of resources optimization should be strengthened; making full use of core functions of family and establishing a correct outlook on family education; utilizing the educational function of the school and establishing a correct outlook on psychological health education.