旋刀式玉米免耕施肥播种机土壤作业部件的设计

Design of the Soil Working Part of Corn No-till Fertilizing Seeder with Rotary Blade

为解决黄淮海一年两熟地区玉米免耕播种中秸秆拥堵的问题,提出了一种旋刀式玉米免耕施肥播种机设计方案。其土壤作业部件主要由刀盘、刀轴及安装在刀盘上的一组旋刀组成,作业中旋刀对土壤及地表秸秆进行开沟、切碎。该机驱动地轮前置,作业中可一次性完成秸秆切碎、开沟、种肥异位同播、覆土及镇压等多道工序。采用ADAMS进行运动学仿真分析,描述了旋刀的运动轨迹及单个周期内旋刀沿机具前进方向的位移量。对土壤作业部件进行力学和功耗分析,阐明了土壤作业部件的切土及碎草特性。田间试验表明:机具通过性良好,切土灭茬效果明显,沟宽160mm,沟深80~120mm,种、肥深度变异系数分别为10.5%和5.9%,地轮打滑率为6.2%,动土量约26%,很好地满足了玉米免耕播种农艺要求。

With large amount of straw mulching and blockage, a corn no-till fertilizing seeder with rotary blade has been developed for the double cropping area in huang-huai-hai. The soil working part mainly has the cutter head, the cutter shaft and a set of rotary blades arranged on the cutter head. With driving wheel front and rotary furrowing device, this machine could accomplish many procedures, such as stubble chopping, furrow opening, seeds and fertilizer placement ectopic simulcasting, suppressed etc. The kinematic and dynamic cutting action analysis describes the motion trajectory and cutting soil, grass and furrowing features of rotary blade. Simulation analysis in ADAMS about the rotary blade shows that, moving track is a trochoid and the displacement variation along the X axis within a time period , Field performance test result showed that machine passing is developed, cutting stubble and furrow opening work well, with 160 mm wide and 80 - 120mm depth . The variations for seed and fertilizer depth are 10.5% and 5.9% respectively, wheel slip ratio is 6.2% , soil disturbance is about 26% , meeting the requirements of corn no-till seeding agronomy.