新型果园除草机的参数分析与设计

Parameter Analysis and Design of New Orchard Weeding Machine

太行山区果园地表贫瘠、耕层土壤少、石砾多,果树生长的同时果园内野草蔓生。除草的难题不仅在于山区果园地域广袤,青壮劳动力匮乏,而且人工成本日益攀升,再加上果树株行距较小、地面崎岖不平,以及遍布各处的、大小与形状各异的石块与树枝等杂物,传统除草机械在此环境中无法运行,开发一款适应山区果园的新型除草机械迫在眉睫。以"特色农机装备研究与开发"项目为依托,开发了一款挠性除草部件离心式除草机,配备小型四轮拖拉机,具有机动灵活、除草效果好、适应多砾石果园等特点;但其高速旋转的工作部件(动刀头—特型挠性结构)不可避免地会与草间石块等异物发生碰撞,致使动刀头应力过大而崩裂。为此,对动刀头与石块撞击后的受力进行了理论分析与参数结构设计,经实地检验,该机具清除杂草0.13hm2/h左右,除草效果良好,且具有相对较长的使用寿命[1-2]。

The orchard grounds of Taihang mountain are barren and the arable layer soil are less but gravel more. When the fruit trees of orchards grow, the wild grasses are sprawling simultaneously. Weeding problem lies in not only the mountainous region vast, lack of younger workforce, but also labor costs increasing, the smaller of fruit plant row spac- ing, the bumpy grounds, and variable sizes and shapes of stones and branches everywhere. The fact proved that the tra- ditional weeding machines didn＇t work in this environment. Therefore, to develop a new weeding machine which adapt to the mountain orchard is imminent. On the based of the science and technology support projects called ＂research and de- velopment of characteristic agricultural machinery and equipment＂ in Hebei province, has developed a centrifugal wee- ding machine with flexible weeding components, which can match with small four-wheel tractor. Its advantages are flexi- ble, good weeding effect, good adaptability to more gravel orchard etc. While because the working parts of high speed ro- tation will inevitably collide with rocks in the grass, the dynamic stress may be too great so that split the cutting tools. This paper theoretically analyzed the dynamic stress of cutting head after impact with the stones and designed the structure parameters. In the field test, the machine can weed about 2 Mu of weeds per hour, weeding effect is good, the machine has a relatively long life.