星形齿刀防堵式小麦免耕播种机设计与试验

Experiment and Design of the Anti-blocking Star-gear Blade Type of No-till Planter for Wheat

我国北方的一年两熟种植区,经常玉米地播种小麦,但由于收获后田间玉米秸秆残渣量大、根茬粗且韧性强,容易导致小麦免耕播种机通过性能差,极易出现堵塞。为此,设计了一种星形齿刀主动锯切防堵式小麦免耕播种机。同时,描述了该机的总体设计方案及星形齿刀式锯切防堵装置、锐角短翼型开沟器和双圆盘开沟播种器等关键部件的结构,并确定了主要结构参数。田间试验证明:该防堵装置不仅可以很好地切断玉米秸秆,还能及时预防堵塞,以保证小麦免耕播种机的田间通过性。该机具的研制丰富了我国北方一年两熟区免耕播种机具的多样性,对免耕播种技术的推广具有积极意义。

According to the problem of straw blocking of no-till wheat planting in heavy corn residue and weed cover fields in annual double cropping areas of China, the active attempts to prevent the blade sawing star style no-till planter for wheat was designed. This paper mainly analyzed star gear type blade opener, the active short wings type mechanism and double disc for seeding. The field experiment showed that the machine could solve the residue and weed blocking ef- fectively, has a good performance of passing and cutting stubble, that this new planter is an ideal no-till planter for wheat in annual double cropping areas of China.