不同施药机具在玉米田间的雾滴沉积分布试验

The Test of Droplet Deposition Distribution for Different Kinds of Pesticide Application Equipment in Corn Field

针对我国玉米等高秆作物生长中后期的机械化植保难题,进行了3WX-1000G喷杆喷雾机、3WX-2 0 0 0 G喷杆喷雾机、STORM1 5 0 0风送远程喷雾机等3种大型自走式施药机具的玉米田间喷雾试验,比较分析了不同施药技术与机具对雾滴沉积分布规律的影响,为筛选技术水平先进,并与玉米病虫害防治要求相适应的施药技术与植保机具的技术提升提供依据。试验结果表明:风幕辅助气流能有效提高雾滴在玉米冠层内的沉积量和覆盖率,在冠层中部和下部的平均沉积量比无风幕时提高了36.4%和17%;冠层各部分的覆盖率均比无风幕时有所提高,冠层下部增长率最高,达到28%;风幕辅助气流还能有效改善雾滴在玉米植株上的分布均匀性;风送式远程喷雾机的风力辅助作用有助于将雾滴向远程输送,大大提高了喷幅及作业效率,但大量雾滴集中于喷幅的前段区间,使其在整个喷幅范围内的雾量分布均匀性远差于喷杆喷雾机,最大变异系数超过1。

Corn field test of 3 different kinds of pesticide equipment （3WX-1000G self-propelled boom sprayer,3WX- 200GG self-propelled boom sprayer and STORM1500 trailed air-assisted long-range sprayer） was carried out, aiming at the difficulties of mechanical crop protection in late growing period for long-stalk crop, such as corn, in China. The comparison and analysis of droplet deposition influenced by different pesticide application technology and equipment be- come the basis for selecting the pesticide application technology and sprayer, which is with advanced technology and meet the requirement of corn pests prevention. The results show that ： assisted air flow of air curtain can enhance the deposition and coverage of droplet, the average deposition in middle and lower parts of canopy increases by 36.4% and17% than that without air curtain ; the droplet coverage in the whole canopy increases, compared with that without air curtain, with the max growth rate of 28% in the lower part of canopy. Assisted air flow of air curtain is also able to improve the distri- bution uniformity at corn canopies; The air-assisted long-range sprayer greatly enhances the spray range and efficiency, because the droplets are delivered to farther distance by assisted wind, however, large amount of droplets gather in the front of range, making the distribution uniformity of droplet in the whole spray range much worse than boom sprayer, with its max CV over 1.