论加塞特与葛兰西公共领域建设思想的对立

The Elite or the Masses-the Antithesis of the Construction of the Public Domain between Gasset and Gramsci

伴随着"国家主义"的盛行,关于公共领域的讨论于近几十年日益成为人们关注的热点。作为君主制政体继承者的加塞特认为是毫无责任感的大众进入公共领域导致了"国家主义"的出现,因此他坚持将大众排除出公共领域的精英统治论。然而这种君主论的思想极易导致官僚主义集中制的出现。与此同时,民主制的拥护者葛兰西则认为还原大众对于公共领域的占有,并不断培养大众的公共理性才能保有国家与社会各自的张力。对于中国当代社会而言,建设不断完善的公共领域,注重大众公共理性的培养,才是推进政治民主化进程的有效手段。

With the prevalent of nationalism!, the discussion of the public domain is booming in the recent decades. As the successor ofmonarchy, Gasset considers it is the masses who enter into the public domain leading to nationawhich insists taking back the public power of the masses. The idea easily leads to bureaucratic centralism. In the meantime, a demo-crat Gramsci thinks we should restore public power of the masses in the public domain and cultivate the public reason of the masses to keep the tension of each nation and society. For contemporary Chinese society, the construction of the public domto boost political democratization.