基于遥感和GIS的福建省海岸线的提取和变化研究

Extraction and analysis of coastline of Fujian province based on RS and GIS

海岸线是陆地和水体交界的重要标识,海岸带是我国第一海洋经济区域,研究海岸线的变化对海岸带生态环境研究具有重要的意义.本研究利用遥感和GIS技术获取了福建省2002、2006、2010年3个时期的Landsat TM/ETM遥感影像数据,采用目视解译和自动解译的方法分别提取出了各时期的福建省海岸线,进行叠加分析,对比统计3个时期福建省海岸线的变化特征和变化程度,总结分析了其变化趋势和变化原因.结果表明,在2002~2010的8a时间里,福建省的海岸线长度整体为增长趋势,共计增长了291.84 km,三沙湾区域和泉州附近变化较大,厦门岛内变化也较大.其中泥沙淤积、填海造地、港口建设和渔业设施建设这4个因素为主要增长因素.

Coastline is an important identity of border between land and water. Coastal zone is the first marine economic regions of China. It is important to study the coastline changes due to the significance of coastal ecosystem. In this paper, Landsat TM/ETM remote sensing image data of Fujian in 2002, 2006 and 2010 was used. Based on RS （remote sensing） and GIS technology, the coastline was respectively extracted with methods of visual interpretation and automatic interpretation. The coastline changes and its reasons were analyzed and summarized based on overlay analysis and statistics. It showed that the total coastline in Fujian province during 2002 and 2010 had increased 291. 84 km and it kept on growing. Great changes of coastline are in areas of Sansha Bay and in vicinity of Quanzhou in addition to the changes in Xiamen Island. Landfill, sedimentation, port and fishery infrastructure con-structions are important factors for the coastline growth.