相同的政策 不同的实践——北京、上海和广州流动儿童义务教育政策的比较研究(1996—2013)

One Policy,Different Practices:A Comparative Studies of Education Policies Among Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou(1996—2013)

北京、上海、广州无论在城市规模、城市发展、城市人口背景、流动儿童数量方面都具有较高的相似性。但是,在解决流动儿童义务教育问题方面,相似的城市背景和相似的人口规模背景不仅没有促成相似的政策结果,反而出现了北京、上海、广州之间不同的教育模式。为什么同样的中央政策在具有相似背景的城市中产生出了不同的政策效果呢?这个问题需要首先考察过去10多年中,北京、上海、广州3个城市对中央政策的解读与执行。文章从两为主作为解决流动儿童教育的政策框架出发,将从各地履行农民工子女教育流入地责任的主要体现(包括政府责任及经费投入)与各地入学模式(包括公立学校的可及性及民办民工子弟学校的发展)等4个方面对3个城市进行了比较。通过比较显示了3个城市在落实中央流动儿童教育政策上的异同,以及各自在解决流动儿童教育上的作法,形成了各具特色的城市流动儿童义务教育模式。

In China, significant similarities can be found in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou when they comes to the city size, development, population background and also the number of migrant children. However, it doesn’t produce the similar policy effects, different education patterns are formed in in the process to solve the problem of migrant children compulsory education instead. why does one central policy lead to three different effects in these highly resembled cities？ In order to answer this question, the study on Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou’s analysis and implementation of central policy over past decade is necessary. Relying mainly on local governments and public schools as the policy framework aiming to solve the problem of migrant children education, this study will compare local government’s responsibility and education investment, the access to public schools and the development of non-publicly funded migrant school among these three cities. Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou implement the central olicy in different ways, thus the different solutions of migrant children education are taken, and different patterns are formed in cities above.