“戏剧”和“戏曲”之辨

A Discrimination of Xiju and Xiqu

"戏曲是什么"是戏曲的本质问题。王国维的"戏剧"指从上古到五代的古代戏剧,而当今的戏剧是一个宽泛的概念,也把戏曲包括在内。戏曲指中国传统的本土戏剧,是中国戏剧的组成部分。通过辨析王国维、任半塘之"戏剧""戏曲"观念,指出戏曲不完全是王国维所说的"代言体",而是"演述体"。在戏曲的审美世界里,戏曲以它独特的魅力召唤角色、演员和观众,一起参与审美游戏和娱乐。演剧、叙事文学和审美活动等"形式"和"材质",融为"演述体"的有机组成部分,体现了中华文化的精髓。

What is Xiqu （traditional Chinese opera） is an essential question of Xiqu. Wang Guo- wei,s concept of Xiju is the ancient drama from archaic times to the Five Dynasties, while nowadays Xiju is a broad concept that includes Xiqu. Xiqu means the local traditional drama in China, and it is a component of Chinese Xiju. By discriminating Wang Guowei and Ren Bantang＇s concepts of Xi-ju and Xiqu , this paper pointed out that was not exactly the “ first-person narrator” like whatWang Guowei said; instead,it was the “ recreational aesthetic play”. In the aesthetic world of Xiqu ,it summons roles, performers and audience with its unique charm and engages them in aesthetic games and entertainment. Forms and textures including plays, narrative literature and aesthetic ac-tivities are organic parts of the “ recreational aesthetic play” and embody the quintessence of Chinese culture.