低温贮箱组合绝热材料隔热性能测试试验研究

Experimental Research on Heat Insulation Performance of Assembled Thermal Insulation Materials in Cryogenic Tank

以聚氨酯泡沫塑料和多层隔热材料组成的组合绝热材料被认为是未来低温推进剂贮箱绝热材料的主要形式。应用典型的量热器法针对以下三个方面开展试验研究:是否在样件中添加泡沫材料;样件中多层隔热材料的层数不同;制备样件时采用不同的预紧力。对比了不同状态的组合绝热材料的绝热性能。试验结果表明:组合绝热材料中的泡沫塑料可直接增加整体结构的隔热能力;随着组合绝热材料中MLI(多层隔热材料)层数的增加,组合绝热材料的热流量呈先减少后增加的趋势;在MLI层数相同情况下,随着预紧力的增加,材料的热流量呈现增加的趋势。试验分析结果可为未来载人月球探测及更远距离深空探测的航天器低温贮箱绝热系统设计提供参考。

The assembled thermal insulation materials c o m posed of polyurethane foam and multi- lay-er heat insulation material is considered as the m a i n form of insulation materials for the cryogenic propellant tank in the future. In this p a p e r, three groups of tests were carried out with the typical calorimeter method to study the thermal insulation performance of the assembled thermal insulation materials. The three groups of tests focused on whether to add form material in samples, the differ-ence of MLI layers in samples, and the different pretightening force in m a king samples respectively. The results showed that the foam plastics could directly improve the heat insulation capability for the whole structure; the increasing n u m b e r of the M L I layers in the assembled thermal insulation materi-als decreased firstly and then increased the heat flux of the composite material ; for the s a m e M L I layers, the heat flux of the material increased with the increase of the preload. T h e results m a y serve as a reference for the cryogenic propellant storage system design of the vehicle for m a n n e d lunar ex-ploration and deep space exploration in the future.