模拟航天任务的操作者功能状态研究

Study on Functional State of Operators during Simulated Space Tasks

为研究情绪状态、疲劳状态下模拟航天任务的操作者功能状态变化规律,使用MATB模拟航天任务平台,设计包含了任务负荷、情绪视频刺激和疲劳积累因素的实验。招募15名参试者,通过行为学绩效和脑力负荷评价来研究操作者任务过程中的功能状态变化。发现在同一任务负荷状态下,负性情绪刺激下的脑力负荷评分上升、任务正确率下降和任务反应时上升,积极情绪刺激下的脑力负荷评分和任务绩效较中性情绪刺激有改善。高疲劳刺激下的任务绩效和脑力负荷评分均较低疲劳状态恶化,负性情绪恶化程度远高于积极情绪。表明航天任务需尽量避免航天员陷入负性情绪状态,防止功能状态下降;积极情绪状态和适宜任务负荷状态下的操作者易于实现较高绩效和中等脑力负荷水平,通过施加积极情绪刺激,能够改善高疲劳状态下脑力负荷和任务绩效的恶化程度。

The purpose of this paper is to study the changes of the functional states of operators in simulated complex space tasks under different emotional status and different degree of fatigues. M u l-tiple Attribute Task Battery （ MATB ） was used as the experimental platform and experiments invol-ving factors such as the task load, the emotion stimulus and the fatigue were designed. 15 volunteers participated the experiment and the behavioral result and the subjective mental workload rating to variation of operational state of operators were analyzed. It was found that the mental workload rating increased, the accuracy increased but the reaction time descended under negative emotional state. Compared to the neutral emotional state, the positive emotional stimulus improved the subjective rat-ing and task performance. As fatigue increased, the task performance and mental workload rating deteriorated, and negative emotional state deteriorated greater than positive emotional state. So it is very important to prevent astronauts from being in negative status, thus to avoid work capacity d e-cline. Operators could accomplish optimal work capacity with appropriate task load under positive e-motional state. The degree of deterioration of mental workload and task performance induced by fa-tigue status could be improved by positive emotional stimulus.