军事地理视野下的蜀道比较——立足于三国与五代时期

The Shu Roads in the Three Kingdoms and the Five Dynasties from Perspective of Military Geograpy

三国与五代乃动乱、割据之世,两时期南北政权围绕蜀道展开了激烈的争夺。三国时期,称霸中原的曹魏政权和雄踞西南的蜀汉政权均称自己为"正统",在蜀道上进行了反复的较量,诸葛亮"六出祁山"的历史典故更是妇孺皆知。五代时期,巴蜀、汉中地区先后建立了前蜀、后蜀政权,统治中原的五代王朝和割据陇右地区的岐王李茂贞,亦均企图据有汉中。汉中南北战火不断,蜀道争夺渐趋激烈、频繁。三国、五代存续时间较接近,且围绕蜀道争夺异常激烈。通过对两时期军事地理视野下的蜀道比较,可以得出了三国时期蜀道使用较为平均,而五代多集中于故道、金牛道的结论,这种现象的出现是深刻的社会背景与特殊的自然地理的贯融。

Both in the Three Kingdoms and the Five Dynasties, the northern regime and the southern regime drasti-cally fought for the Shu Roads. In the Three Kingdoms period, the Wei State and the Shu State both declared their legitimism and fought for the Shu Roads, during which the story that Zhuge Liang fought in Qishan six times was popular among people. In the Five Dynasties, all the pre - Shu regime, the post - Shu regime and Li Maozhen re-gime attempted to occupy Hanzhong. Comparisons of the Shu Roads in these two periods tell us that in the Three Kingdoms period, the Shu Roads were employed evenly, in the Five Dynasties the Gudao and the Jinniu Road were used more often, which reflected the integration of social background and specially natural geography.