论精神分析对西方现代教育的积极影响

Psychoanalysis and its Positive Influence on Modern Education

在现代教育史中,弗洛伊德的精神分析学说对西方教育理论和实践带来巨大冲击。20世纪教育领域中的教育运动、教育理论和学校教育都对精神分析学说做出了及时回应。一是精神分析对教育运动的丰富,具体表现为:深化了儿童研究运动,影响了教育心理学运动,推动了心理卫生运动。二是精神分析帮助教育理论重建,具体反映在阿德勒的人格教育理论、沛西·能的个性发展教育理论、罗素的品性教育理论等新教育理论中。三是精神分析影响学校教育变革,在邦园儿童学校、萨默希尔学校、梅亭住宿学校、沃登实验学校等新学校中变化尤为明显。

Freud＇s theory of psychoanalysis brought great impact on Western educational theory and practice in modem history of education. And the educational movement, educational theory, the schools gave response to psy-choanalysis theory in the field of educations in twenties, century. Firstly, psychoanalysis enriched some educational movements, such as children research, educational psychology, mental health. Secondly, psychoanalysis helped the reconstruction of educational theories, included some new educational theories of Adler＇s Personality education theory, Percy Nunn ＇s personality development of education theory and Russell, s theory of character education. Fi-nally ,psychoanalysis influenced some new schools’reform, especially changes in Kinderheim Baumgarten, Summmerhill School Malting House School and Walden Experimental School.