不同灌溉方式对干旱区枣树树干液流特征及果实品质的影响

Effects of different irrigation methods on sap flow and fruit quality of jujube in arid area

在干旱区采用热扩散式液流仪(TDP)、HOBO小气候仪连续监测不同灌溉方式下盛果期枣树干液流及气象因子变化,探讨井式灌溉与漫灌条件下盛果期枣树干液流变化及气象因子的响应,对比2种条件下果实的产量及品质。结果表明,晴天,井灌、漫灌条件下枣树干液流各特征值出现时间点较为一致,但具体数值存在差异。灌水前井灌各液流特征值大于漫灌,灌水后井灌各液流特征值小于漫灌,直接反映出土壤含水率对树干液流的影响。井灌水分利用效率为61%,漫灌水分利用效率为10%。各气象因子以及气象因子与树干液流量之间存在相互作用,液流量的主导气象因子为净太阳辐射,空气相对湿度与液流量及其他气象因子均呈负相关。果实产量井灌比漫灌增产29%,品质方面差异不明显。可见,井式灌溉较漫灌可起到节水增产的效果,且效果显著。

By employing the stem sap meter（TDP） and HOBO microclimate instrument,the stem sap flow rate and meteorological factors of jujube in full fruit period in arid area were measured continuously in 2 typical irrigation conditions,i. e. pit irrigation and flood irrigation,to explore the connection between stem sap flow rate and meteorological factors in sunny days. The yield and fruit quality under 2 conditions were also compared. It was observed that the characteristic values of jujube sap flow appeared at the same time. However,values varied under different irrigation conditions. Before watering,each characteristic value of pit irrigation was greater than that under flood irrigation. After watering,the result was just the opposite. The result clearly and directly reflected the effect of sail water content on sap flow. The water efficiency of the tip and flood irrigation were 61% and 10%,respectively. There were interactions within meteorological factors and jujube sap flow. The main meteorological factor affecting the sap flow was sun radiation. The relative humidity was negatively correlated to liquid flow rate and other meteorological factors. Compared with flood irrigation,the fruit yield under pit irrigation was increased by 29%. But,the fruit quality showed no obvious difference. To sum up,pit irrigation had obvious beneficial effect in terms of fruit yield and water efficiency.