滨海新区无偿献血人群结构特征及影响其再次献血的因素分析

The Factor Analysis to Population Structure of Blood Donors and Its Impact on Repeated Donations

目的探讨滨海新区无偿献血者的人群结构特征及影响其再次献血的影响因素,为改进献血者招募策略、提高对献血者的服务质量、提高服务水平提供依据。方法以2015年度在滨海新区献血的无偿献血者为研究对象,对献血者在无偿献血过程中的感受从可靠性、响应性、有形性、保证性及移情性5个维度进行满意度调查,并对可能影响献血者再次献血的影响因素进行评价。结果本区无偿献血者的年龄主体为20-35岁,占调查总数的64.24%(14 637/22 786);职业以工人和自由职业者为主,分别占调查总数的45.15%(10 288/22 786)和35.24%(8 030/22 786);初中文化程度占比最高,达到总献血人群的49.09%(11 185/22 786):献血动机以"奉献爱心"者占30.67%,对无偿献血知识的知晓途径主要以街头宣传、电视和报纸为主,分别为22.94%、22.37%及12.14%;影响献血者再次献血的最主要因素是怕影响身体健康,占受调查者的24.24%。献血过程中的满意度水平:被调查者对献血点的工作环境干净、卫生及宣传资料简单易懂两项最为满意,最不满意的是工作人员着装不整齐、解决献血者献血过程中的问题不积极和服务态度有欠热情。而这些要求关系到献血者服务满意度和无偿献血者队伍的稳定。结论滨海新区的无偿献血工作应着力加强工作人员对献血服务方面的培训,积极工作,热情服务,改善服务质量,有针对性地加大宣传,提高人群献血率,以确保临床血液供应。

Objective To investigate the population structure characteristic and its influencing on the repeated donations in Binhai New Area,in order to improve blood donor recruitment strategy,service quality and service level.Method sBlood donors were selected in 2015,and the donors＇ feelings were evaluated regarding the reliability,response,tangibles,assurance and empathy in the process of blood donation that may affect the repeated donations. Results The donators were aged from 20 to 35 years,accounting for 64.24% （14637/22786）; workers accounted for 45.15% （10 288/22 786） and freelancers accounted for 35.24% （8 030/22 786）; persons with junior middle school education accounted for 49.09% （11 185/22 786）. The purpose of 30.67% blood donation was ＂devote love＂. Blood donation awareness was mainly from street propaganda （22.94%） and media （34.51%）,The main negative factor （24.24%） influencing repeated donations was fearfulness of the health effects. Clean donation environment and the understandable promotional materials were active factors that affect their subsequent donation whereas insufficient problem-resolving ability in donation process and unsatisfied attitude constituted adverse factorss. Conclusion Well-trained staff and qualified service,together with efficient advertisements,are crucial for improvement of enthusiasm of blood donation in order to ensure the clinical blood supply.