共同体化的困境——从叙利亚难民危机论欧盟共同庇护体系的局限性

The Dilemma of Acquis Communautaire: Limits of the Common European Asylum System in Resolving the Syrian Refugee Crisis

欧盟共同庇护体系属于欧盟司法与内政领域的一环,涉及政治庇护与难民事务的管理,也是欧盟建构内部安全的核心领域之一。然而,欧盟庇护政策的共同体化与制度化并未能有效应对当前的难民危机,因而引发诸多质疑,特别在危机当前的关键时刻,欧盟成员国再次展现其在重大议题上的主导权与影响力。本文首先探讨欧盟现行庇护体系的机制与主要问题,并以叙利亚难民危机为个案,从四个方面:主权价值与人权价值的对立、国家利益与规范形象的对立、成员国利益与共同体利益的对立、边境国与非边境国的对立,来分析欧盟发展共同庇护体系的困境。

As a core policy area of justice and home affairs,the Common European Asylum System involves regulation of asylums and refugees,which is therefore fundamental to the EU's internal security. However,in spite of the institutionalisation and Acquis Communautaire of the Common European Asylum System since the entry into force of the Treaty of Maastricht,the EU is nevertheless incapable of appropriately addressing the current refugee crisis,which has caused a great number of criticisms. It seems that the member states still play a dominant role in making decisions in dealing with the crisis. In order to discuss the dilemma of the EU's common asylum system,this paper first investigates the development of this system and analyses its characters and the limits inherent in it. As a case study,this paper evaluates the role of the EU in response to the refugee crisis resulting from the Syrian civil war and explains the factors behind the dilemma of collective actions in this case from four perspectives,that is,the contradiction between sovereignty and human rights,between national interests and normative discourses,between the interests of member states and EU institutions,and between border countries and non-frontier ones.