徽州传统聚落夏季户外热环境实测与分析

Measurement and Analysis on Summer Outdoor Thermal Environment of Huizhou Traditional Settlements

根据实地监测屏山、西递、卢村和西溪南4个徽州传统聚落在7、8月高温环境下的主要气象参数,运用数学模糊综合评价方法,以夏季气温最高日的气温、相对湿度和风速作为评价夏季舒适度的指标,对4个徽州传统聚落的气候舒适度进行了定量评估,并辅以THI(温湿指数)进行验证评价,结合徽州地区特有的人居环境,研究了徽州传统聚落宜居性的气候特点。结果表明:1)空气温度、相对湿度和风速单因子隶属度关系不能良好地评价夏季气候舒适度指数,结合每个传统聚落所处的区域环境、地形地貌和人为活动等因素,才能更为充分反映徽州地区宜居性的特点。2)徽州地区4个传统聚落舒适等级指数均在0.5以上,夏季整体气候舒适,屏山和西递舒适度条件最佳,卢村次之,西溪南的舒适度条件最差,与THI评价结果一致。3)水体对微气候改善具有重要的调节作用,4个聚落日均相对湿度值均在70%左右。

According to the main meteorological parameters about four traditional settlements in Huizhou： Pingshan,Xidi,Lucun and Xixinan at high temperature in July and August,using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,taking the temperature,relative humidity and wind speed of the highest temperature day in summer as the evaluation indices of summer comfort,we quantitatively assess the climate comfort of the four Huizhou traditional settlements,evaluate and verify with THI（ temperature humidity index）,and then study the climate characters of Huizhou traditional settlements livability combining the nature environment. The results are as follows. 1） Air temperature,relative humidity and wind speed single factor membership relations can not be a good evaluation index of summer weather comfort,instead of which combining the region environment,topography and human activities of each traditional settlement to fully more reflect the livability of Huizhou region. 2） The comfort grade indices of four places are above0. 5 and the overall summer climate is comfortable,while the comfort condition of Pingshan and Xidi is the best,then the Lucun,Xixinan is the worst above all,which is in consistent with the result of THI index evaluation. 3） Water has an important regulatory role in improving the microclimate and the daily relative humidity values of four settlements are above 70%.