黄淮海地区玉米生育期农业气候资源分析

Study on Agricultural Climate Resources in Huang-Huai-Hai Area During Summer Maize Growing Season

为指导气候变化背景下黄淮海地区夏玉米种植科学布局,提高气候资源利用率,本研究基于黄淮海地区179个气象站1971—2013年逐日地面气象观测资料,采用气候倾向率及空间分析等方法,从光、温、水等角度研究了夏玉米生育期农业气候资源的时空分布及变化特征。结果显示:黄淮海地区日照时数及太阳辐射空间分布为南低北高,呈逐渐减少的趋势,递减率分别为3.9157 h·a^(-1)和2.6754 MJ·m-2·a^(-1),且中部地区递减率高于边缘地区的;≥10℃积温为1630—2699℃·d,南高北低,呈逐年增加趋势,递增率为2.0764℃·d·a^(-1),沿海地区递增速率大于内陆的;可生长日数空间分布为南多北少,逐年增加,增加量更多来自于≥15℃终日的后推,递增率为0.1302d·a^(-1),东南部递增率大于西北部的;累积降水量为320—950 mm,空间分布为东南多西北少,南部及北部呈减少趋势,中部呈增多趋势,全区域变化趋势不明显,但年际波动幅度较大。

For scientific layout of summer maize and efficient utilization of climate resources under the background of climate change,the temporal and spatial distribution of agricultural resources was studied by climate tendency rating and spatial analysis during summer maize growth season in Huang-HuaiHai area. Daily weather data of 179 stations from 1971 to 2013 in Huang-Huai-Hai region were used. The result shows that： the sunshine hours and solar radiation were higher in north area than that in south,and presented a gradual reduction trend in the past 43 years with the rate of 3. 9157 h·a^-1and 2. 6754 MJ·m^-2·a^-1respectively,and the reduction rate was higher in middle areas than that in marginal areas. Accumulated temperature equal or higher than 10 ℃ ranged between 1630 ℃ ·d and 2699 ℃ ·d,and decreased from south to north. In time,it was increased annually with the rate of 2. 0764 ℃ ·d·a^-1,and the increasing rate was higher in coastal areas than that in inland areas. Possible growing duration prolonged annually from north to south for the delayed of ≥15 ℃ ending day,and at the rate of 0. 1302d·a^-1,and the rate was higher in southeast areas than that in northwest areas. Precipitation ranged between 320 mm and 950 mm,spatially decreased from southeast to northwest. Timely,it decreased in south and north areas,but increased in middle areas. There was no obvious changing trend for the whole area,but with large fluctuations among years.