气温与风速对气压传感器现场校准的影响

Impact of Temperature and Wind Speed on Pressure Sensor Field Calibration

为确保各要素观测数据的准确、可靠并具有可比性,须定期开展自动气象站校准。自动气象站现场校准不同于实验室的检定检测,受客观条件的影响,校准结果具有明显的不确定性,气压要素表现尤为明显。为了保证量值传递准确可靠,减小这种不确定性对校准结果造成的误判,对气压现场校准提出了改进方法。基于2012—2014年"移动气象计量检定校准核查技术集成"项目的实验资料,采用实验室检定和现场校准气压传感器对比的方法,找出现场校准中影响气压值变化的因素。结果表明:实验室检定合格的气压传感器在现场再次进行校准中有12.5%不合格。经研究试验,这种结果是由于现场校准时的环境因素影响造成,其主要影响因素为气温和风速。选择适当的校准时间,即避开最高气温和最低气温出现时段及外界风速不大于5 m/s时进行气压现场校准,能较好地减少气压传感器的测量误差,提高气压测量数据的准确性。

In order to ensure the reliability,accuracy and comparability of the observation data,we should carry out calibration of automatic weather station regularly. The field calibration of automatic weather station is different from the laboratory test,which is affected by the objective conditions. The calibration results have obvious uncertainty,and the pressure of the air has an obvious influence. In order toensure the accuracy and reliability of the quantity value transfer and reduce the error caused by the uncertainty of the calibration results,an improved method is put forward for the field calibration of atmosphere pressure. Based on the experimental data of ＂Mobile Meteorological Metrological Verification and Calibration Technology Integration＂project from 2012 to 2014,we used laboratory test and field calibrate pressure sensor to compare and found out the factors that affect the changes of pressure value in the field calibration. The results show that pressure sensors are qualified in laboratory testing,but 12. 5% of pressure sensors are unqualified in the field calibration. This result is due to the environmental factors in the field calibration,and the main factors are temperature and wind speed. Therefore,in order to reduce the measurement error of the pressure sensors,we should choose an appropriate calibration time to calibrate pressure sensor in the field,also avoid the maximum or minimum temperature,and the outside wind speed should be less than 5 m / s. In this way,the accuracy of the pressure sensors measurement data can be improved.