中国体育人的精神重构——大众道德对中国武人私德至上主义思想的补救

The Reconstruction of Chinese Sports People's Spirit:The Remedy of Public Morality to the Private Morality of Chinese Military People

西方现代体育作为一种高端文化已成为全人类共享的消费品。中国未曾发育出类似西方的体育文化主要是儒学的宗教化排异功能所致,其中决斗精神的沦丧直接削弱了中国人的精神强度。中西方文化中都存在过歧视身体的现象,不同处在于中国人没有类似西方的对人性恶的尊崇机制,结果导致竞技现象的消亡。中国的道家文化保留了部分身体关怀的基因,却因弱化竞争而最终未能缔造出高对抗性的身体文化类型。中国的道德教育体现在非神性的世俗世界里,这奠定了尚文的文化传统,中国的尚武势力恰是在尚文的宗教力量的打击下沉沦的。武士集团及其精神的陨落给中国社会带来了负面作用,中国体育人在现代社会的价值、地位、社会功用仍不明确。奥运会以及一些西方竞技体育文化类别为他们提供了临时性存在场域,但西方的体育品格仍旧无法和儒学化的东方主义精神完全兼容。中国体育人在西方人设置的竞技体育项目中获取优胜还停留在精神自慰的范畴或道德自救的想象之中。

The Western Sport, as a kind of high-end culture, has become a consumption for human beings all around the world. Religious exclusiveness of Confucianism in China resulted in undeveloped sports culture and the loss of competitive spirit directly shrunk the mental strength of Chinese. Discrimination of physical bodies has existed in both Chinese and western cultures. However, there was no similar western reverent mechanism that ＂ Humanity has the most evil side ＂ in Chinese conception, which led to the extinction of competition in China. Taoism culture in China remained some elements about body care,but it eventually failed to create a type of high antagonistic body culture because of its lessened competitions. The existence of Chinese moral education in mundane world without God settled cultural tradition of emphasizing mental training in China,from which Chinese martial culture withered away under the hit of religious power. The decline of warrior practitioners had a negative impact on Chinese society. In modern society, the value,position and social function of Chinese sportsmen still remains unclear. Although Olympic Games and other western competitive sports events provide them with a temporary presence field, the western sports characters still can＇t be fully compatible with Confucian oriental spirit. To Chinese sportsmen,winning competitive sports events ruled by westerners can just be a kind of imagination for mental stability and moral salvation.