河北省农田土壤重金属呼吸途径健康风险评价研究

Health risk assessment of respiratory exposure to heavy metals in farmland soil in Hebei province

目的评价河北省农田土壤重金属经呼吸途径对人体产生的健康风险。方法于2014年抽取河北省12个市675个乡镇采集2 700份农田土壤样品并检测铅、镉、铬含量,按照美国环保署(EPA)推荐方法,评价重金属经呼吸途径产生的健康风险。结果 2 700份样本中铅、镉、铬含量中位数分别为15.8、0.1、35.01 mg/kg,铅、铬含量未超标,镉超标率为13.74%(317/2 700);重金属对不同人群产生的非致癌风险均为铬>铅>镉,同一种重金属对人群产生的非致癌风险均为儿童>成年男性>成年女性,均<1。重金属对不同人群产生的致癌风险均为铬>镉,同一种重金属对人群产生的致癌风险均为成年男性>成年女性>儿童,均<10^(-4)。结论本次调查的河北省部分农田土壤受到镉污染,3种重金属经呼吸途径产生的非致癌风险不会对人体造成健康危害,镉尚未造成致癌风险,铬的致癌风险尚可接受。

Objective To evaluate the health risk of heavy metals in farmland soil through respiratory route in Hebei province.Methods A total of 2 700 farmland soils samples were collected from 675 villages and towns in 12 cities in Hebei province in2014. According to the national standard methods, the contents of lead, cadmium and chromium were determinded. The health risk of heavy metals through respiratory route was assessed. Results The median for contents of lead, cadmium, chromium in the soil samples were 15.8, 0.1 and 35.01 mg/kg respectively. The content of cadmium in 13.74%（317/2 700） of soil samples exceeded the national secondary standard, lead and chromium did not exceed the national soil standard. Non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in population from high to low ranked as chromium, lead, cadmium, and non-carcinogenic risk of each heavy metal in population ranked as children, adult male and adult female, which was less than 1. Carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in population from high to low ranked as chromium and cadmium, and carcinogenic risk of each heavy metals in population ranked as adult male, adult female and children, which ranked as less than 10-4. Conclusion In Hebei province, farmland soil is polluted by cadmium, and somewhere is polluted by lead and chromium. Non-carcinogenic risk of lead, cadmium and chromium through respiratory route is lower. Cadmium do not induce carcinogenic risk and chromium-induced carcinogenic risk is acceptable.