全面抗战前期的浙西:从沦陷区到游击区

Western Zhejiang at the Early Stage of Full-scale Anti-Japanese War:Transition from Enemy-occupied Area to Guerrilla Zone

1937年底,日军占领浙江省省会杭州后,对于浙西杭嘉湖地区军事上采取守势,政治上亦未能建立深入基层的统治。1938—1939年,国民党军队乘机在浙西发动游击战,进展较为顺利,恢复部分县级政权与乡镇保甲。为配合游击战的进行,偏安金华永康的浙江省政府在天目山区设置浙西行署,对杭嘉湖平原加强政治与经济统御。不过,民间兴起的游击队军纪不佳、缺乏统一指挥,加之正规军对其整顿改编不力等,成为困扰国民政府高层和影响游击战深入开展的严重问题。浙西游击区的开辟,是浙江抗战之重要环节。研究浙西从沦陷区到游击区的过渡,不仅可以丰富抗战研究的地方性经验,亦可探寻沦陷区、国统区等语词中包涵的变动的、复杂的含义,及它们之间的关联——流动的军队、暗中存在的交通与物资运输渠道,各方势力或明或暗的冲突斗争与实力消长等,而这些均为战时中国的真实图景。

After the occupation of Hangzhou,capital of Zhejiang province,at the end of 1937,the Japanese troops adopted a defensive military policy in the Hangzhou-Jiaxin-Huzhou plain area and they were not able to establish grass-roots organizations for political rule. Between 1938 and 1939,the KMT armed forces seized this opportunity to launch a campaign of guerrilla warfare in western Zhejiang. They succeeded in restoring some of the county and town level regimes. In line with guerrilla warfare,the Zhejiang provincial government which had moved to Jinhua set up the Western Zhejiang Administrative Office in the area of Mount Tianmu to strengthen political and economic governing over the Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou Plain.However,the guerrillas were lacking in strict military discipline and unified command,and its rectification from the regular army was ineffective. This troubled the KMT government and affected the further development of guerrilla warfare. The establishment of guerrilla zones in Western Zhejiang was an important part of the resistance against Japanese invasion in Zhejiang.Study on its transition from enemy-occupied area to guerrilla zone can enrich the research of the Anti-Japanese War in local areas,and help examine the changing and complicated connotations in phrases like ＂occupied areas＂and ＂KMT-ruled areas＂and the associations between them.