主体确证的形式及辩证逻辑——从霍布斯到马克思的路径

The form and dialectical logic of subject proof——The path from Hobbes to Marx

现代政治哲学中一个未需言明的立场就是理性的自我,亦或说是理性的秉持特殊原则的主体。从哲学史来看,近代政治哲学对政治主体的不断界说和勾画正展示出其从自然原始状态到基于现实的辩证的认同道路,其中蕴含了对于主体理解的辩证过程。在这条道路上,我们应如何从历史和时代出发,从预设性的为人的主体性找到合理的生存确证到为人的自由的实现找到根源和出路,这正是近代及当代政治哲学最需阐明的问题,马克思基于现实的人的主体观为实现现代性语境中的普遍交往为我们提供了一种解答。

In modern political philosophy a position that does not need to state clearly is rational self, or rational subject that adheres to special principles. According to the history of philosophy, the incessant definition and description for political subject given by modem political philosophy just show its road fi＇om natural and original state to dialectical recognition based on reality, which contains a dialectical process about how to understand the subject. In this road, the most important problem that needs to clarify the most is how we, starting from history and the era, find the solution from rational survival proof for the presupposed subjectivity for humans to the origin and outlet for the realization of human freedom. Marx provided us a solution based on the view of the subject of realistic man to the realization of universal intercourse in the context of modernity.