“品格习得”的伦理学辩护——以《尼各马可伦理学》为参照

Ethical Argument for Character Acquisition

任何社会都试图把儿童培养成具有优秀品格的公民,其结果衍生出诸多有关"品格习得"的伦理学流派。以《尼各马可伦理学》为基本参照,通过与其他哲学流派的比较分析,可梳理出"品格习得"的基本脉络。亚里士多德认为,人类在本性上是一种志趋优良的动物。"品格习得"需要以早期习惯之养成为基础,在实践活动中通过慎思与反思逐渐形成实践智慧,最终在道德自觉的引领下通过立德修善,获得社会性、趋善性、理性、情感乃至欲望的和谐统一。

Any society is devoted to cultivating children into qualified citizens with excellent characters, which results in the flourish of different ethical schools concerning character acquisition. With Aristotle＇ s Nicomachean ethics as basic reference, character acquisition can be clarified through comparison and analysis of different ethnics schools. Aristotle claims that humans desire goodness by nature. Initially, character acquisition is completed based on the habits from parents and community. Then, through deliberation and reflection humans develop ＇ phronsis＇ over time. Finally, human sociality, inclinations for goodness, rationality, emotion and lust can be integrated harmoniously through moral autonomy.