河患、信仰与社会:清代漳河下游地区河神信仰的历史考察

Floods,Religion and Society:A Historical Investigation into the Religion of River God at the Lower Reaches of Zhang River in the Qing Dynasty

漳河是流经华北地区的一条重要河流,民间对漳河神的崇祀有着悠久的历史传统。清代漳河下游地区水灾频发,对沿岸民众的生命财产造成了严重危害;而漳河每次漫溢之后,所遗留下来的淤泥又使得当地农田成为丰腴之地,故沿岸民众既希望能够避其害,又盼望能够得其利。这种复杂的情绪和感情共同导致了河神信仰的盛行。河神信仰在保有祈雨、治水等传统职能的同时,其职能亦有所拓展。由信仰而衍生出来的庙会和祭祀活动在凝聚人心、社会教化、维护地方社会秩序等方面发挥了显著作用。河神信仰与民众日常生活息息相关,成为"河流共同体"理论的重要典范。

Zhang River is an important river flowing through North China, and the worship of the God of Zhang River is a tradition with a long history. The lower reaches of Zhang River flooded frequently in the Qing Dynasty, bringing serious harm to the life and property of the people living along the both banks; and aher each overflow of Zhang River, the sludge remained made the local farmland rich and fertile, so the people living along the banks wanted to avoid its harm, and hoped to get its benefit. This complicated emotion and feeling together led to the prevalence of the religion of river god. The religion retained the traditional functions of praying for rain and controlling water and, at the same time, expanded its functions. Temple festivals and sacrificial rites, which were derived from the religion, played a significant role in unifying public feelings, educating the society, and maintaining the local social orders and so on. The religion of river god was closely related to people＇ s daily life, and it became an important model of the theory of ＂river community＂.