护理人员心理资本关键影响因素及应对策略研究

Key influencing factors of nurses＇ psychological capital and countermeasures

目的探讨影响公立医院护理人员心理资本的关键因素。方法以课题组编制的护理人员心理资本量表作为测量工具，按照分层随机抽样的原则对山东省3个城市1210名护理人员进行问卷调查。首先对心理资本、工作要求、工作资源、社会资源分量表进行探索性因子分析，将提取的10个公因子作为护理人员心理资本的相关因素，然后进行因素重要性推导，找出影响护理人员心理资本的关键因素。结果在10个护理人员心理资本相关因素中，工作资源中的物质回报、职业发展和社会资源中患者尊重、社会理解、政府支持等5个公因子是影响护理人员心理资本的关键因素。结论卫生管理部门在采取增强护理人员心理资本的措施时，应着重加强对护理人员工作资源和社会资源的支持。

Objective To investigate the key influencing factors of nurses＇ psychological capital in public hospitals.Methods Nurses＇ psychological capital scale was used as measurement tool, and 1210 nurses of three cities in Shandong Province were investigated according to stratified random sampling method. Exploratory factor analysis was used to investigate the psychological capital, job demands, job resources and social resources by kinds of scales, then we took 10 common factors as relevant factors of nurses＇ psychological capital and used important quadrant model to find out the key influencing factors of nurses＇ psychological capital. Results In 10 factors of nurses＇ psychological capital, five common factors such as material rewards, career development among job resources, and patients＇ respect, social understanding, government support among social resources were the key influencing factors of nurses＇ psychological capital. Conclusions When the health authorities take measures to enhance nurses＇ psychological capital, they should attach more importance to the support enhancement of nurses＇ job resources and social resources.