我国基于胜任特征理论的护理能岗匹配指标结构的文献计量学分析

Bibliometric analysis on nursing job-matching evaluation index system based on competency theory in China

目的系统分析我国护理领域基于胜任特征理论的护理能岗匹配指标结构的相关文献，了解指标结构构建中存在的不足，加强岗位胜任力体系构建的科学化、规范化管理，为改进今后指标结构的构建方法提供借鉴和参考。方法使用中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、万方、维普数据库，电子检索2007年1月-2016年3月发表于期刊岗位胜任力评价指标体系构建相关文献。检索后获得文献通过导入Note Express3．1软件，统计出文题、发表年份、评价对象、体系框架、体系构建方法、评价指标等级、权重赋权。结果共检索出314篇文献，近9年的相关文献总体数量呈递增趋势；评价对象分为专科护士、临床护士、护理管理者、护理带教老师、护生、社区护士、新护士，文献量分别为33，157，41，28，29，6，20篇；构建方法呈现多样化，仅20篇文献同时采用德尔菲和层次分析法；指标内容主要涉及临床护理、护理管理和护理教育3个层面，一级指标内容主要集中在知识、技能、社会角色、自我概念、特质、动机，二级指标差异较大。结论我国护理领域岗位胜任力护理能岗匹配指标构建方法呈现多元化，但较为松散，缺乏系统性。评价指标要素不完整规范。多数研究仅涉及知识、技能维度，权重赋权方法较为单一，多采用经验判断和定性描述，缺乏严谨的科研设计和计量分析，定性与定量相结合构建方法较为欠缺。．

Objective To analyze the literature related to post competency evaluation index system that based on competency theory and know the deficiencies in the construction of index structure, in order to strengthen its normative and scientification and provide reference for the construction of index structure. Methods By retrieving the database of China national knowledge infrastructure （ CNKI）, Chinese biomedical literature service system （CBM）, Wanfang and VIP database, we included the literature about the post competency evaluation index construction in the core journals from January 2007 to March 2016. Literature acquired by retrieval were imported Note Express 3. 1 software, then the title, the first author, year of publication, evaluation object, systemframework, system building method, the level of evaluation index and the weights of index were analyzed. Results There were 314 articles, and the overall number of literature was increasing in the past nine years. The evaluation objects were divided into the junior nurses, clinical nurses, the nursing managers, nursing teachers, nursing students, community nurses and new nurses, and the number of articles were： 33,157,41,28,29,6 and 20. The main methods were multifarious, there were 20 articles adopted Delphi and analytic hierarchy process （AHP）. The contents of index mainly consisted of 3 level such as clinical nursing, nursing management and nursing education. The contents of first-level index were mainly focus on knowledge, skill, social role, self-concept, trait and motivation, while the differences of second-level index were great.Conclusions The constructing methods of nursing post competency evaluation index system in our country are diversified, but relatively loose and lack of systemic~ The elements of evaluation index are not full and normative, and the main research contents were knowledge and skill dimension; the weighted empowerment approach is relatively single, and the main methods are experiential judgment and qualitative description. The rigorous scientific design and measurement analysis and qualitative and quantitative method are insufficient.