三级医院护士长心理健康状况的调查研究

Research on the mental health status of head nurses in tertiary hospitals

目的：了解三级医院护士长的整体心理健康状况，以及不同任职年限、职称、科室类别对其心理健康的影响，为干预影响其心理健康的因素提供依据。方法以淮安地区全部7所三级医院的202名护士长作为研究对象，采用一般情况问卷、症状自评量表（ SCL-90）进行调查，共发放问卷202份，收回有效问卷183份，有效回收率为90.59%。结果三级医院护士长除敌对、恐怖症状因子外，其余7个症状因子得分、SCL-90总分、阳性项目数均明显高于全国常模，差异有统计学意义（ P〈0.01）；调查结果显示不同任职年限的护士长SCL-90的总均分、躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、偏执、精神病性症状因子得分差异有统计学意义（ P〈0.05），不同职称的护士长抑郁、偏执症状因子得分差异有统计学意义（ P〈0.05），不同科室护士长的躯体化、抑郁、强迫、焦虑症状因子得分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）；SCL-90统计指标阳性率：本组护士长SCL-90总分超过160分，占30.60%；个人阳性项目数〉43项，占32.79%；各因子阳性率除敌对、恐怖因子外均〉10%。结论三级医院的护士长心理健康水平总体欠佳、现状不容乐观，需要主管部门及护士长自身积极的干预，以促进其心理健康，提高护理工作的质量和效率。

Objective To know the head nurses′ mental health in Huaian tertiary hospitals and researching the effects of working experience, job title and departments on head nurses′mental health, so as to provide references for the interventions. Methods Totally 202 head nurses from 7 tertiary hospitals in Huaian area were selected as the research object. The general questionnaire and the symptom checklist-90 （ SCL-90） were used to conduct the investigation. A total of 202 questionnaires were sent out and 183 valid questionnaires of them were taken back, and the effective rate reached up to 90. 59%. Results Except for the symptoms of terror factor, hostile, the remaining seven symptoms factors, SCL-90 total score and the number of positive items were all significantly higher than the national norm （P〈0.01）. As the survey results showed, the difference in tenure matron SCL-90 total average score, the score of somatization, depression, coercion, anxiety and interpersonal relationship, paranoia and psychotic average were statistically significant （ P〈0.05） . Differences in the scores of depression and paranoid symptoms with different professional titles were statistically significant differences （ P〈0. 05 ） . There were statistically significant differences in the scores of somatic, depression, obsessive-compulsive and anxiety symptoms among head nurses in different departments （P〈0.05）. Statistical index positive rate：head nurses′total SCL-90 score was over 160 points, and accounted for 30.60%;individual positive items were 〉43, and accounted for 32. 79%; The positive rates of each factor were more than 10%except hostility and terror. Conclusions The mental health situation of head nurses in tertiary hospitals of huaian is not optimistic, and the authorities and the head nurses need to take active interventions to promote their mental health and improve the quality and efficiency of care work.