杰斐逊总统“超宪行为”探析——从美国路易斯安那土地购买的视角观察

Studieson “The Exceeding Constitution Behavior”of President Jefferson:In Case of LouisianaLand Purchase in U.S.A

1803年路易斯安那土地购买事件,无论从疆域版图还是从经济价值上看,都在美国历史上占据重要的位置。但土地购买条约的签订,在一定程度上又带来了美国宪政体制的变化。在美国早期宪政体制之下,总统的外交权力虽有限,但界定得并不十分明晰。在此前提下,总统在外交上或者无法作为,抑或作为过度。杰斐逊总统对路易斯安那土地的购买,便是其中一例。在不违反宪法的前提下,通过"超宪行为",杰斐逊行使了此前其他总统未曾行使过的外交权力,开创了一个政治先例。

The Louisiana land purchase in 1803 played an important role whether on territories or on economic values in American history.Nonetheless,the signing of the land purchase treaty has influenced on the American constitutionlism in some way.In fact,under the early constitutionalism,diplomatic powers of American presidents were not only limited,but also very clearly defined.In this context,presidents on diplomacy either acted nothing or excessiveness.Louisianan land purchase of President Jefferson was one outstanding example.Through the'exceeding constitution behavior'but without violating the Constitution,President Jefferson was the first to exercise this diplomatic power what former presidents had not done,and to create a political precedent.