神农架生物学野外实习植物标本采集统计与分析研究

Statistics and Analysis of Plant Specimen Collection in 2015 Biologyical Field Practice at Shennongjia

植物标本的采集和制作是生物学野外实习的一项重要内容。经多年的实习实践,武汉大学神农架生物学野外实习已经摸索出一套成熟的教学体系,但迄今对实习过程中植物标本的采集情况还没有进行相关的分析和研究。2015年,武汉大学和复旦大学在神农架联合开展生物学野外实习。本文通过对本次植物标本采集数据的整理,结合神农架地区植物名录探讨标本数据与神农架生物多样性之间的关系及人为因素对植物标本采集的影响。调查发现,本次实习共采集植物标本480种,分属103科,但采集频数分布极为不均,采集频数1和2的物种超过50%。采集地点物种采集数目和采集地的先后顺序有很大关系。通过分析发现,标本采集记录可以从一定程度上反映神农架的生物多样性;同时,我们发现人为因素对植物标本采集有显著影响,如对于容易识别的蓼科植物有明显的"偏好"采集。本文将有助于我们对神农架生物学野外实习课程的改进,同时为进一步开展生物学野外实习提供参考。

Plant specimen collection and preporation are important parts of the biological field practice. Through the teaching practice for many years at Shennongjia, the are biological field pratice course of Wuhan University has explored a successful teaching system. However, there has not been the relevant study and analysis for the plant specimen collection in the field practice process so far. In 2015, Wuhan University and Fudan University jointly carried out a biological field practice at Shennongjia. In this study, we collated and analyzed the specimen data in 2015 together with the Shennongjia Plant Catalogue, and tried to understand the biological diversity of Shennongjia from the speci- men collecting data and the human influence on specimen collection. 480 plant species （belonging to 103 families） in total were sampled, the distribution of sampling frequency was highly uneven, and the species sampled only 1 or 2 times accounted for more than 50%. The number of sampled species at one collecting site was correlated with the sampling order of the collecting sites. We found that the specimen can reflect the biodiversity of Shennongjia to some extent, and human factors can significantly influence the plant specimen collection （e. g. The Polygonaceae plants were obviously prefered-sampled due to their easily identifying features）. This article will help us to improve the biological field practice course of Shennongiia. Meanwhile, it may provide the useful references for the further biological field practice.