明清陕藏商道研究

A study on Shanxi Tibet Road in Ming and Qing Dynasties

茶马古道包括陕甘、康藏、滇越3条,前两条均是陕西商帮最先走出。陕甘茶马古道与通往西域、西亚、中亚的西北丝绸之路相联;康藏、滇越茶马古道与经缅印直通南亚的南方丝绸之路接轨,茶马古道整体即可视为西北、南方丝绸之路的纽带。历史上,陕西长安就处于茶马古道的要冲,又是唐蕃古道的起点。明清时期,陕藏商道延续了自古以来线路变化的轨迹,覆盖茶马古道康藏线大部,涉及陕、川、藏三省。陕商借由此道,输茶等物资于西藏,突破地域区隔与语言差异的藩篱;历经茶马互市、官方朝贡、粮台驿站至民间商贸的贸易政策演变,最先助推了至少2000年前中国西南一支庞大物流体系的形成,对汉藏政治、经济、文化的发展与交流作出了积极贡献。这既是对"一带一路"的交叠拓展,亦是用当代眼光对过去史实的重新发掘与借鉴;遥遥呼应丝绸之路的"特殊性和互联性",以便更好理解历史事件发生的必然性与规律性。

Tea Horse Road including 3 lines, that is, Shaanxi Gansu, Sichuan Tibet, Yunnan Vietnam. The former two are came from the Shaanxi businessman group. As we have known,the Tea Horse Road of Shaanxi Gansu connect to the Northwest Silk Road,which to western regions,West Asia and Central A- sia;Meanwhile,the Tea Horse Road of Sichuan Tibet,Yunnan Vietnam connect to the Southern Silk Road through Myanmar,India until arrived to the South Asia. Therefore,the Tea Horse Road can be regarded as a link that connect to the Northwest and Southern Silk Road. In the history,Changan of Shaanxi is located in the key nodes on Tea Horse Road,and it is also the starting point of the Ancient Tang- Bo Road. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Shanxi Tibet road continued road traffic evolution since ancient times, which covering the Tea Horse Road of Sichuan Tibet line,meanwhile,related to Shaanxi, Sichuan,Tibet provinces. By this road,Shaanxi businessman group transported tea and other supplies to Tibet,breaking through the barriers of regional Segmentation and language differences,and experiencing o- verall changes on policies from tea horse trade,official tribute, post to folk trade. Effected to the form of a large logistics system in Chinese Southwest at least before 2000 years,made a positive contribution to the development between Han and Tibetan in politics,economy and culture. This is the ＂One Belt one Road＂ Strategy development,it is an explore and reference to the past history in contemporary as well. Moreover,pay attention to the particularity and interconnection of the Silk Road,in order to better understand the inevitability and regularity of historical events.