我国高校创新创业教育的应用性误区及其超越

The Improper Application of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Chinese Universities

当前,培养应用型人才是我国高校创新创业教育的重要使命,但在实践中也呈现出一定的应用性误区,如对象上以创业精英代替全体学生、内容上以知识技能代替创业素养、过程上以效率驱动代替内涵建设、教学上以线性思维代替系统设计、模式上以短期成果代替持续发展等,这些问题的根源在于教育目标与创业目标、教育主体与创业主体、教育过程与创业过程、教育环境与创业情境之间的分离。为此,要超越创新创业教育的应用性误区,需要在目标取向上从注重外在价值向注重内在价值转变,在参与主体上从教创主体分离向多元主体协同转变,在教育过程上从游离分散状态向系统整合状态转变,在环境创设上从单一机械模仿向多元开放整合转变,在制度建设上从短期项目推进向构建长效机制转变。

At present, the cultivation of applied talents is an important mission of academic innovation and entrepreneurship education in our country, but in practice there are also the improper application, such as taking elite students as the objects rather than all the students, focusing on skills of entrepreneurship rather than knowledge, paying attention to efficiency-driving instead of the connotation construction, teaching the linear thinking mode instead of system design, pursuing short-term outcomes rather than the sustainable development and so on. The root of these problems lies in the separation between educational goals and business objectives, between the subject of education and entrepreneurship subject, between education process and education environment, and between entrepreneurial process and entrepreneurial environment. Therefore, to avoid the inappropriate application, we need to pay attention to the internal value rather than external ones, to change from separation of multi subject to the coordination of subjects, to change from the free state to the integrated system, to change from blindly imitation to resources integration, and to change from short-term projects to establishing long-term mechanism.